A Problem Critical to the Education in the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

A Problem Critical to the Education in the 21st Century EssayIn the 21st speed of light I believe that inequitable opportunity is the most critical facts of life problem. Inequitable opportunity impacts people of different racial backgrounds in various bearings. It limits the knowledge a school-age child apprehends, the appraise at which they develop, funds available to the school, the students ability to succeed in the put to goforce upon graduating, it even affects the knowledge or lack of knowledge a student learns at place. Though this may affect the command staff in ways, minorities from a lower income family atomic number 18 the ones impacted most. These students often fail because they are not vigilant for success. Students from a lower social class carry fewer resources available to them therefore they do not make it to the top. Schools in poverty stricken areas receive little financing, and this severely impacts the students.The school is unable to prov ide students with up to date technology, and the resources call fored to compete with their peers from more privileged backgrounds. The school will not be able to provide ESL classes for Latino students. Students will more than likely drop out the ones who actually man shape up to graduate will probably be little qualified to perform essential job duties. These students will not be as knowledgeable because they may be using outdated texts, and they are not able to learn how to fully utilize technology needed to survive in todays workforce. Schools that are in a low income approach do not have modern buildings, the school buildings are very out dated. The air conditioning and heating may not be operative properly creating a very uncomfortable learning environment. This may discourage students from wanting to go to school and it definitely does not attract quality faculty. whatever other issue that impacts the student severely is the lack of parent participation in the education process. This is crucial to the development of the child from a very early age it is imperative that a parent be involved in preparing their child for life, as well as reinforcing things learned at school. Education starts at home and moves to the public arena where social interaction, behavior skills and knowledge are enhanced. Poor parent participation may be the result of work schedules, transportation issues, wrangle barriers, or suitable clothing. Once again children from low- income families suffer the most. Both parents may have to work bonnie to pay the bills, and in some situations there is just one parent, forcing some students to help care of siblings at after school when they should be focusing on homework or studying. As the child ages less attention will be paid to the individual as class size increases, the number of teachers increase with diverse classes, and overall size of the school grows.At this point the child will need extra help completing assignments and re quiring encouragement to continue the education process consistently and for the duration through some college. The parent is not exempt from the learning process because of inadequacy or exempt because of poor education. As briefly mentioned earlier, in this setting the teaching staff is likely to be under qualified, once again this impacts the student. By the teaching staff not being qualified the type of skill the students will learn will not be up to par. Classroom Managers should also be aware of how they are engaging their students. They should have high expectations of all of their students. There seems to be a lot of racial stereotyping in minority communities. Teachers should know that all Asian students arent smart and that all African American students inferior learners. If teachers pay a high expectation of learning from all of their students and expect all of their students to do well so those expectations will be seen by the student.Students are then able to work at their highest potential and are not limited a teacher should believe that all students are capable of learning at a higher level. The teacher of the 21st Century need to be more culturally responsible and they need to be more aware of what is going away on in the classroom. Educators need to be trained in a way that is going to be more beneficial to the educational process as a whole. For example if a teacher has a classroom where the majority of the students are not being successful then that teacher and/ or teaching techniques should be reevaluated. The classroom is not a place where a student is just given work to perform and the teacher is detached, the classroom of the 21st century needs to be an interactive classroom where teachers and students comes together to share ideas, and engage each other in the learning process.Unless a Teacher can stride out of the conventional box and begin to assess themselves and what they actually bring to the classroom, it will not evolve. Teac hers should interact with students on a more personal level in the classroom and get to know their students as individuals some children can get lost in the classroom for a number of reasons including personal problems at home, and learning disabilities. By being involved more with the students teachers are better to adapt to a student that is having problems because they are unable to articulate well, or a student that is simply having problems seeing the board. Without establishing some type of a relationship with the children it is very hard for a teacher to recognize the problems students are having and how to effectively deal with these problems.Just because a student is unable to keep up with fashion, technology receives free lunch does not mean that this student does not have the ability or the will to learn. There are successful people that grew up in poverty, and have gained success through hard work and education. Everyone should have the same opportunity to receive quali ty education. Students are taught that education is the key to success, so how can one succeed when the education is not friction match to their peers, the ones they will be competing against for their spot in the future. Education is the poor mans dream to a better life.With minorities and Latinos making up a immense amount of students in school the effects of inequitable opportunities has a larger impact on them. Students who come from an inferior social-economic level are just as motivated as students who come from a higher social class. You have Latinos who hardly speak English and are attending schools that are incapable of accommodating them therefore they do not earn a degree and are forced to take a low paying job. Status may have an impact on a student in a social environment, but in the educational system this should not be a factor. The students from a lower social class are being prepared for failure, while the students from a higher social class are being prepared for success. In the 21st century I believe that inequitable opportunity is the most critical education problem. Recognizing the problem is the first step, however we as a fellowship need to find solution on how to better level the playing field in the educational community in order to make schools work for allone. One thing we can to is to not only encourage proper funding for schools in low income areas but to also make sure that this funding get appropriated to do what is needed in order to make sure that the children have a proper learning environment.Bills and referendums continue to be passed in education s in order to make sure that schools are up to par but sometimes this money does not get to the prosper schools. almost schools get vernal buildings and a/c systems while other schools just get paint. We need to come together to demand to our elected officials that something be make about the conditions of certain schools. We need to make sure that these school schools have the materials that they need in order for them to produce successful students. Books need to be provided to every student not only in class but also at home as a reference for homework and studying. Computers need to be provided in these schools so that the students dont fall behind on technology and become inferior to their peers. We elect these officials and we need to demand that they begin to tang out for the betterment of our schools. We should go online and see how they are voting on the issues that affect us.If they are not pushing the type of educational reform that we need in our communities and in our school then we need to elect someone who will. Parents need to become more involved in their students learning. We must understand that a lot of parents are working, and most low income households are being led by a single parent we need to find a way to get these parents involved to help their children so that they dont continue to fall behind. Even if its just educating th em on the process of following up with their elected officials and making sure they vote and their vote counted and is heard. Opening up the schools for parent participation and PTO and PTA meeting on a weekend kinda than on a school night would make it easier for parents to become more involved.Also, schools could try social networking, and sending up dates to parents Facebook or Twitter pages to keep them up on whats going on in the schools. This is a new era and the American household has changed and the educational sytem needs to keep up in order to keep these parents involved and up to date on whats going in their childs school. Teacher also need to be developed in the classroom and become more responsible for what is going on and have high expectations for all of their students. This will ensure that all student as are working to their best ability to learn. This can be done by giving existing teachers additional training and giving new teachers the training they need to be s uccessful in the 21st century classroom.

Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist Views on Benevolence Essay Example for Free

Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist Views on Benevolence EssayBenevolence can be defined as the incorrupt inclination to be kind and compassionate. If people could control their malicious deportments and focus on participating in acts that argon all good to gentlemans gentlemanity, the earth would be much to a greater extent prosperous. Being kind to others gives us a feeling of contentment that is otherwise unattainable. Receiving compassion and kindness provides us with a sense of gratitude and wellness that m all cannot help but shargon with others. No one enjoys being the subject of someone elses ill will. This is wherefore clean codes such as (but not limited to) Buddhism, Confucianism/Taoism have emerged. If everyone followed any one of the previously stated practices, it would be much easier for humans to grow and fix as a whole because there would be fewer causes of our discontentment.The Buddhists ultimate goal is to goal piteous by achieving enlightenment, or nirv ana (Kessler, pg. 186). Benevolence is indefinitely required to reach this state. Enlightenment can only be obtained by recognizing the Four Noble Truths. This basically states that life is suffering, which is the result of bad karma caused by malicious actions that are driven by natural human desires. The end of desire will inevitably be the end of suffering. The only way to end suffering is by following in the footsteps of Siddhartha Gautamas enlightenment (Kessler, pg. 166). This method of bringing an end to suffering is otherwise known as the Eightfold Path, or the personal manner of the Buddha. In order to obtain the same enlightenment, Buddhists are required to uphold a strict set of rules regarding the way to behave as a beneficial member of society, including right view, right thought, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right meditation. (Kessler, pg. 224).The most devout Buddhist possesses immense self-control and rectify in attempt to live the purest, least harmful existence possible. A good example of the ideal Buddhist is the bodhisattva. Bodhisattvas have reached the ultimate level of moral purity, kindness, and compassion toward the world and therefore live to relieve people from suffering (Kessler, pg. 170). Concerning overall kindness and compassion, the fate and preservation of the entire world should be interpreted into account before performing any act. No living being should ever be harmed or killed. One should never steal from another, but may receive gifts openly. Buddhists should be chaste, truthful, and fair. They are required to keep peace among people if necessary. A devout Buddhist would never speak to someone in a discourteous manner, including sharing erroneous information (Kessler, pg. 185).This moral code practiced by Bodhisattvas is directly concerned with the wellbeing of the world through good deeds, which leads to the end of eternal suffering, according to the previously st ated teachings of the Buddha. Another influential teacher of morality and obtaining wide short-circuit human prosperity is Confucianism. The Way, or Tao, is the Confucian concept of human nature. The Mandate of Heaven is dictated by the fact that humans, by nature, want to obtain proportionateness and harmony in the world, which is possible beginning with harmony deep down the self. Harmony within ones self leads to harmony among other people, which results in the harmony of natural phenomenon, and thus the world is harmonious.This requires that all human stirred up conditions be in balance. Although the notion is truly inconceivable, this can be most closely described as the Confucian concept of heaven. People must be understanding and compassionate towards one another, and make sacrifices for the greater good. When this is achieved, human flourishing is then possible. People are either intelligent enough to possess the earnestness of the way, or they can be instructed to do so. Humans are all capable of making a contribution toward achieving the order of the Way, which results in spiritual salvation (Kessler, pg. 242-243). The most important way this goal is to be achieved by the followers of Confucian teachings is through sacrifice. An honorable person intends to sacrifice in order to spread good will to the earth.This helps emphasize the responsibilities all humans have to maintain peace and harmony in the world for the well being of everyone (Kessler, pg. 240). Humans are born into different ranks, which must be taken into consideration, but the overall goal of Confucian teaching is to uphold the moral obligation of goodness. Elders and authority figures are to be respected in accordance to the Confucian way. For example, a child is respectful to a parent because both are needed to maintain balance in the family. This plays a crucial role in the functionality of the family unit. The same notion can be applied to the citizen and his governing body. The citizen is obedient to the government because defiant behavior would lead to chaos (Kessler, pg. 242). The Buddhist and Confucian doctrines are similar in many ways.The ultimate goal of both sets of teachings is the same human benevolence leads to moral salvation and the well being of humanity. Renunciation plays a major role in the overall intention of both parties. The crucial difference between the two is the source of the regarded texts. Confucians fate is subject to the government no matter what. They pay respect to all people, but understand the necessity to respect the upper crime syndicate because they play a major part in the well being of the whole. The elders and authority figures take care of the younger or less fortunate.Buddhists focus more on solitude and undergoing suffering for the greater good. They go as far as to give up normal eating habits as to refrain from any selfish behavior that may lead to bad karma. Confucians also undergo suffering, but do not give u p basic human desires for the avail of others. They are undeniably considerate. Any feeling that one would not enjoy feeling would never be bestowed upon someone else. No form of extreme ascesis required of Confucians as it is sometimes in Buddhism. Rather, Confucian success is more important to human flourishing. Although true, both moral concepts have the same intended proceeds of benevolence toward everyone.Works CitedKessler, Gary E. Ways of Being Religious. Mountain View, CA Mayfield Pub., 2000. 166+. Print.

The aspects of social responsibility

The aspects of brotherly responsibilityIn what rooms does Priestley explore the theme of social responsibility in An tester Calls?In this essay I aim to explore all the aspects of social responsibility shown in An tester Calls. I will endeavour to do this by using dramatic devices expressed throughout the manoeuvre and their significance to the play I will also discuss the effectiveness in which Priestley conveys the theme of social responsibility.Throughout the 1930s Priestley became very aware of the social inequality in Britain at that time and in 1942 he decided to form a semipolitical party with some like-minded colleagues. The party was called the Common Wealth Party and it argued that Land ownership should be given to the public and that Britain should be more elective in politics. In 1945 the Common Wealth Party was merged into the Labour party, but Priestley was still very influential in the federal agency that the party was universe run and helped develop the repor t of a welfare state which was implemented after the war. Priestley also made many BBC radio broadcasts to try and promote the idea of socialism within the Labour Party.Social responsibility is the most discussed and possibly the most important aspect of An Inspector Calls. Priestleys message seems to be Do not only look after yourself but also care for others and that people have to accept the consequences of their actions. Arthur Birling is a perfect example of this. But encounter my word for it, you youngsters and Ive learnt in the good hard school of experience that a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own...In this advert Arthur is encouraging selfishness, universe irresponsible and having no social responsibility, this is the complete opposite of everything that Priestley stands for as a socialist. Although this happens to work in Priestleys favour throughout the course of the play as the Inspector, who seems to voice Priestleys views as a soci alist, frequently overturns Mr. Birlings and others views forcing them to be heard more habitually throughout the audience which will influence their opinions.The Birlings as a family seem to have no social responsibility, in particular Arthur makes it apparent that he has no social awareness he illustrates no remorse when talk about Evas death, or that of his factory workers and the horrendous conditions they work in. In his speech to Eric and Gerald prior to the arrival of the Inspector he offers some guidance in which he lectures on how he thinks others should be treated.But the way some of these cranks talk and write now, youd think everybody has to look after everybody else as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a bee hive- community and all that nonsense. Mr. Birling carries qualities such as arrogance, inconsideration, irresponsibility and lacks social awareness. The Inspectors function in the play is to grow the Birlings about collective responsibility, equality, union and consideration of others. He achieves this by using various techniques such as a shock and awe method and forcing them to know guilt for what they have done by encouraging them to empathise with their victims.Priestley specifically set the play in 1912 this was because at this time society as a whole was completely different to how it was when Priestley wrote the play (1945). The play has investigated the matter of social class and the restrictions that come with it and also the matter of gender with one gender being dominant over the other. Although in 1945 almost all of these restrictions were gone. For instance, in 1912 it was considered compulsory for women to behave dutifully to men. The expectations on women were high and even women of aristocracy could do cryptograph but marry on, and for those who were born of a lower social class, it was an opportunity for cheap labour, much like the case of Eva Smith. However by 1945, the consequences of war enabled womens off ice in society to grow considerably. Priestley liked to see these unusual situations as an opportunity and thought that his audiences would see the potential as he did. All the way through his play he constantly encourages his audience to take hold of the opportunity that the end of World fight 2 has given them, to construct a superior more socially responsible society.When Priestley set the play in 1912 it gave him the opportunity to include references to major historical events such as the HMS Titanic, World War 1 and mining strikes. This allowed Priestley to make the audience involved and one step ahead of the ignorant characters.At first glance the genre of the play An Inspector Calls seems to be a typical murder mystery. Although as the play expands, the genre seems to transform from a theme of ignorance to a whodunit as the Inspector cross-examines his way through each and every one in the Birling household. The Inspector manages to maintain control of the pace and the tensio n by dealing with each dubiousness individually. The story is revealed gradually, bit by bit.The lighting plays a significant part in assigning the mood and atmosphere of the play. We start Act One with a description of the scene, followed by an introduction of the main characters. At this point we are told The lighting should be pink and intimate until the Inspector arrives, and then it should be brighter and harder. Priestley uses a pink, warm theme of lighting to portray a sense of calm, success and self-satisfaction, ultimately reflecting the characters.Dan Anahory

Concept Of Relationship Marketing Marketing Essay

Concept Of dealinghip Marketing Marketing EssayThe following tale provide look at IKEAs birth merchandising with its key friendship assemblages in proscription (see appendix 1 for comp any setting). The concept of sexual congressship marketing, compendious of audit findings, pressure meetings, dumbfounding a co-ordinated confabulation mix and fin bothy methods to measure success of communication mix ar considered.2. CONCEPT OF RELATIONSHIP sellingEarly 80s was the emergence of the concept relationship marketing as an influential payoff in the marketing literature. Bund Jackson is recorded as having used the bourne relationship marketing in 1970s in the field of industrial marketing (Gumesson et al., 1997).As IKEA strives to remain competitive in the business market, the fraternity is abject away from transactional marketing that is based on a single, short-time exchange with a distinct beginning and ending towards a focus on retention of customers, establishing veri ty and building long-term relationships.According to Kotlet et al (2008 )relationship marketing is the process of creating, maintaining and enhancing strong, value-laden relationships with customers and other stakeholdersIKEA is also active in establishing and maintaining a full relationship with the communities by adopting collective citizen values and approaches. Benefits from relationship marketing for IKEA argonLoyalty and retentionLoyal alliance groups willing recommend IKEAs business to others by positive, word-of-mouth communications which in terms will lead to business expansion. Christopher et al (2002) suggest that trueness and retention can be hitd using relationship marketing ladder of loyalty partner, prospect, purchaser, client, tide everyplaceer, advocate and partner.Competitive vantageGood corporation relations programmes will add value to the IKEAs corporate brotherly responsibility (CSR), thereof differentiating from competitors CSR activities.Support f or marketing activityIKEAs active alliance relations will stimulate a positive envision to the company by planned marketing communications.The basis of any relationship is based upon trust, commitment and co-operation. Morgan and Hunt (1994) with their model of what builds trust suggest that relationship commitment and trust ar key vari able-bodieds for successful relationships because they promote accommodative behaviors between relationship partners and encourage them to maintain long-term relationships.RelationshipcommitmentCo-operationTrustFigure 1.1. Three dynamics to trust within a relationship by Morgan and Hunt (1994)Once trust is formed the opportunity arises for relationship commitment and it is by means of this co-operation successful outcomes can be gained.In order to develop trust, commitment and co-operation IKEA should consider the followingService encounter. Using face-to face interaction with key confederacy groups such as site and neighbourhood union IKEA w ill result in a higher level of satisfaction, and a long-term commitment on behalf of both parties to the relationship.Collaboration. Collaboration in terms of sharing information, lick problems and an acceptance of compromise will establish long-term relationships between society groups and IKEA.Transpargonncy. Relationship transparency has been suggested as a potential descent of competitive advantage in business markets (Bliemel and Eggert, 1998). By informing, delivering value and satisfaction to the fellowship groups IKEA will gain a competitive advantage.Creation of value. Community satisfaction implies that needs of society groups are being met by IKEA, for example, accompaniment local events, and environmental concerns. If they are non satisfied, they will withdraw their support and thus damaging corporate image of IKEA.3. SUMMARY OF AUDIT FINDINGSIKEA is involved in a number of local, social and environmental ciphers in communities in the countries where they do bus iness. The majority of IKEAs projects support children, homeless, student scholarships and environmental projects on climate change and the protection of natural resources.Different community groups may expect some r each(prenominal) in one way or a nonher on the company. An audit was undertaken to identify key community groups of IKEA, and to assess the nature and level of their impact on IKEAs relationship marketing and potential futurity use of relationship marketing. (For research methodology and detailed findings, see Appendix 2.)By grouping community groups in the power/interest matrix, IKEA may achieve a better picture on how communication and relationships between various community groups should be developed to reach agreement slightly and acceptance for the project and its implementation.Key community groups identified by the audit are the followingSite communityThe site community is defined by its geographical boundaries, thus it is a city or town where the company and any of its major facilities are located. (Burke E, 1999, p 61)Fenceline communityThe neighbourhood community is made up of the agile neighbours surrounding the property of the company. (Burke E, 199, p 62)Workplace communityWorkplace community includes staff of IKEA. topical anaesthetic media local press in CoventryThe media provides focus and solicitude on many areas of corporate strengths and weakness of the company. take aim of influence and impact of community groups on IKEALocal universities, church groups require minimal thrust and monitoring. They have low interest or power to influence current IKEA relationship plans. These groups should be informed only to a necessary extent, and not much effort should be invested into them. There is no need for excessive communication with these types of communities.Local media should be kept informed. Despite of their low power they could be powerful enemies or allies when influencing attitudes of to a greater extent powerful communi ty groups. Their interest in the project must be taken seriously through dialogue and information to dispatch certain that the companys viewpoint is heard. They can be doful with the detail of companys project. They publicize fall outs and corporate achievements and form a line of communication from the company to the community groups.Local government, pressure groups should be kept satisfied. These community groups are powerful, although their level of interest in the strategies of the organization is relatively low. They are meainly relatively passively, but may out of the blue appear due to certain events, moving to key community groups on that issue. IKEA should put adequate work in with these community to keep them satisfied, but not bombarded with information because that they become bored with message.These groups of communities are often passive, but can exert a great impact on the project. The relationship between a relative low interest and a high level of power mould s these groups difficult to handle, it is therefore necessary to analyse their intentions and to involve them harmonize to their interest.Site community, fenceline community, oeuvre community are key players of the project. The site community can provide services to the company such as fire, safety, education, transportation and the like. They are significant community groups with high interest in the project and high power to influence project implementation and completion. They should be an important consideration in the appraisal of fresh strategies. These community groups must be involved in all relevant project developments. They are the key players IKEA must engage with fully, and make maximum efforts to cope with them.The needs and wants for each of community groups are various. On their own, no one group can entirely influence the activities or directions of the organization. However, some group communities posses great power comparing to others.Overall, IKEAs relationshi p marketing was found to be effective in the area of media and sponsoring for charities.4. PRESSURE GROUPS SECTIONAL AND CASUALPressure groups are the activists of the community groups. In general, pressure groups are social aggregates with some level of cohesion and shared aims which attempt to influence the political decision-making process. (Ball and Millard, 1986, pp. 33-4)Pressure groups can be sectional pressure groups (also called defensive or interest groups). Examples professional bodies, such as the British Medical Association, Trade Unions, The Law Society, etc.Casual pressure groups (also called promotional or attitude groups). Examples Greenpeace, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, National Rifle Association, etc.Pressure groups interest and power are given in auditing findings (see appendix 2). exit between sectional and causal pressure groups areSectional pressure groupsCasual pressure groups directly and personally concerned with the effect of the campaign fought by the group as they generally stand to achieve economically and/or professionally membership is usually restricted as they are concerned with a particular section of corporation. aspire to involve as many eligible members as possible to join the group. seek to defend the interests of a section of society aspire to represent the general interests of a particular section of society not self-interested in that the accomplishment of their documentarys is not essentially of direct economic or direct benefit to the members of the group. membership is not usually restricted as they aim to promote a cause tend to have an open membership in order to gain a critical mass of popular support and strength of campaigning. aim to change peoples attitudes about a particular issue or policyLocal Trade Unions encourage companies to provide training at the workplace. They protect workers of the company. According to Harris D. et al (2008) trade unions may influence and impact the company in respect of working processes on the following areasIssues of respect- workers are often misunderstood by the boss through verbal or sensual abuse.Wage and benefits- some workers are not paid according to the full value.Working condition- health and safety at the workplace is the most unifying issue a union can surveil.Working hours- unions can force the boss the hire more workers and also can ensure that in emergency cases where individual must work overtime, they are fairly compensated for it.Job security- any disciplinary action taken against a worker may be motif to a procedure negotiated with the union.Environmental pressure groups is often formed to protest about, and arrest certain undesirable environmental impacts. For example, Greenpeace stands for positive change by argue the natural world and promoting peace through action. IKEA discusses environmentally related issues with Greenpeace. To respond to environmental concerns IKEA do the followingAt IKEA Coventry used batteries, paper are recycled. It also phase outs single-use plastic bags. All profits from charging for plastic carrier bag have been donated to Englands Community Forest. Through swiping IKEA Family card at the IKEA checkouts customers help hold open over 3 acres of forestry.5. two NEW COMMUNITY GROUP RELATIONSHIPSTwo new community group relationships that can be developed are schools community and homeless communitySCHOOLS COMMUNITYIKEA can focus its activity in the local community on helping local schools. The company will support learning and development of children at schools, for instance by providing new facilities. Helping children to learn and develop is an area in which IKEA has experience and can make a difference.Criteria for selection local schools to IKEA are the followingOpportunities to engage in local community acting as a good neighbor and supporting community initiatives tenacious with IKEAs corporate responsibility objectives.By building communication, sharing resources , expertise, skills and developing unique solutions to community problems, these partnerships can become important.Excellent media and corporate social responsibility opportunities associated with supporting the schoolSponsoring schools IKEA can attract a lot of attention from local newspapers and can provide great publicity for its business at the same time as enhancing the learning process for children.Developing relationships that can enhance long-term provoker recognitionSo, schools are the natural hub of a part or community, and can serve as the foundation for community partnerships that will be beneficial to IKEA. However, relationship with school community should be minimal. Schools have uncomplete high power nor influence to impact IKEAs activity. It means that IKEA may provide them with enough information that will be adequate. There is no need to pass on much time with them.HOMELESS COMMUNITYIKEA may support homeless people in Coventry. For example, IKEA can establish partnership with Coventry Cyrenians which is a sympathy dedicated to working with homeless people or whose accommodation may be at risk.IKEAs vision is To create a better everyday disembodied spirit for the many people. The many people can be homeless people that live in Coventry community. Charitable partnership is one of the ways through which IKEA may invest in the community it operates its business. IKEA supports this organisation by furnishing and decorating day-time activity centres and housing facilities with individual apartments and communal areas. In addition, co-workers of IKEA may volunteer their time.IKEA should be consistent in selection of charities to support. The criteria used for the selection of the charity are the followingType of organization- registered charity in Coventry and surrounding areas.Primary focus is to support homeless people or people whose home may be identified as at risk for whatever reason, providing them with accommodationShould be dynamic, modern and cost effectiveAny contribution from IKEA should be used by charity for the purpose for each it was given and to report effectively to the company on the process of the initiatives which companys funding has supported.the project should have a long life and be seen to actively improve homeless people6. COMMUNICATION MIX FOR TWO COMMUNITY GROUPAccording to Kotler (2008) promotional mix is the particular(prenominal) mix of advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and public relations that a company uses to pursue its advertising and marketing objectives.Communication mix is important because of the followingability to use different promotional tools to reach ass audienceit helps to communicate a range of messages to different marketshelps in achieving companys marketing objectivesCommunication mix should have clear objectives and rear audience.Communication objectives of IKEA 50% awareness of IKEAs community efforts for school community and homeless community in Coventry within the next twelve months.Target community groups such as site and fenceline communities, local government in CoventryIn order to achieve objective IKEA should decide what components of the communication mix is needed to utilize in communicating with school and homeless community groups.The following are suggested communication mix for two new community groupsSchool community- SponsorshipSponsorship is a business relationship ad should be unwashedly beneficial to the sponsored individual and the sponsoring company.Many researches and authors agree that the use of sponsorship by organizations is increasing (Sneath et al., Harvey et al., 2006 2007 Wakefield et al., 2007) and that it is becoming a more significant part of the marketing communication mix.According to filling C (2009) sponsorship can be defined as a commercial activity, whereby one party permits another an opportunity to exploit an association with a target audience in return for funds, services or resource s.Benefits for IKEA using sponsoring schools are the followingIncrease brand awareness of the company among community groups. It allows brand of the company to be communicated without the clutter and noise associated with advertising.Building and enhancing positive corporate image in community groups mindAs a means of reaching wider target audiencesTo suggest to the target audiences that there is an association between the sponsored and the sponsor and that by implication this association may be of interest and/or value.Show that a company cares about it community and is prepared to invest in its future and the welfare of its communityIKEA may use sponsorship for school community. Sponsorship may last 2 years for example, sponsoring new facilities for education.Limitations Different methods of support are applied to sponsees depending on their needs and the sponsors needs as well. This points out to a lack of standardization, and therefore requires more time on planning and evaluati on.Homeless community- DonationA donation is a gift given by physical or legal persons, typically for charitable purposes and/or to benefit a cause.Donation for homeless community within next 2 years by donating products and home furnishing.Public Relations both for school and homeless communityPublic Relations is defined as the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organization and its publics (Institute of Public Relations)Benefits of PRPromotion of positive image of the company to the community groupTo build links with IKEAs communityTo refute bad publicityPR activities will include press releases, press conferences and establishing community relationships.Limitations Risk of losing control cannot always control what other people salve or say about IKEA.Media Local newspaper both for school and homeless communityIKEA may use local newspapers of Covnetry such as Coventry Telegraph, and The Coventry Times.Coventry Tel egraph is a daily newspaper in Coventry covering local news, sports, business, jobs and community events. Readers spend an average of 30 legal proceeding reading The Telegraph.The Coventry Times is established free newspaper for the local area, providing local people with excellent information and advertising platforms. The Times reaches over 74% of houses in the Coventry area.Newspaper benefitsGives favourable impression of the companyA high profile image is lodged in the community groups mindLimitations Short life span, circulation does not mean readership7. MEASUREMENT OF THE SUCCES OF COMMUNICATION MIXIt is essential to measure the effectiveness of each communication campaign. It is necessary to ensure that the communication objectives have been met and that the system has been effective and resources have been used economically. For example, advertising objective is to increase awareness of IKEA brand to 70% of the target market by 2009. Public Relations objective is to convi nce 80 % of community groups that the company is doing its business in a socially responsible way by 2009.Measuring and analysing the outcome of a specific interaction will help in the development of future communications and in evaluating the best methods to use.Evaluation is necessary forImprovement of the effectiveness of different communication toolsKnowing the effect of communication activities and improving needed areas IKEA will be able to reach the outcomes it seeks.Effectively engagement with audiencesThroughout implementation, evaluation can help IKEA find ways to collect feedback from its community groups, how advertising is being received and learn how they are responding to various media messages.Allocation of resources wiselyIt provides a potential source of material for the new campaign. Evaluation can help IKEA watch out whether its communication investments could be redistributed more effectively to achieve the desired results.There are many ways to measure effecti veness of each of the communication tools. The following are suggested evaluation methodsPR evaluation every quarterAwareness of community groups about IKEAs community initiatives in Coventry community can be evaluated using marketing research through qualitative or quantitative methods.Attitude of community groups to IKEAs projects- by using research to judge if attitudes have changed positively or negatively.Media coverage and tone- can measure the number of column inches achieved, the type of headings and tone of coverage.Positioning- by measuring the position of IKEA in comparison to the competitionQualitative method Focus group at the end of programmeAccording to Kotler (1999) focus group is a small sample of typical consumers under the direction of a group leader who elicits their reaction to a stimulus such as an advertising or product concept.By using in-depth interviewing skills a moderator can probe the thoughts and feelings held by the members of the group towards media v ehicles or advertising messages. By negotiating a focus group to monitor the marketing communications pre-, during and post-campaign, this can help maximise the effectiveness of the campaign.Overall, results from focus groups will help us identify feelings regarding the corporate image of IKEA brand, spirit and understand the attitudes of community groups towards IKEA.Quantitative method survey or personal interviews annuallyIn order to identify the effects of the media we will use compose surveys. Survey can be conducted by IKEA or consultants. By using large sample size we will be able to know concerns, community expectations, extent and quality of relationship with key community groups and company. Results will help design plans and programmes that build sustainable trust in a community.Personal interviews quarterlyA personal interview is a two-way conversation initiated by an interview to obtain information from a participant on a face-to-face basis (Cooper Schindler, 2003, p323)Limitation. Personal interviews are a lot more costly and time consuming comparing with other methods in the communication approach.Evaluation of sponsorshipMedia moving-picture show measurement- to count column centimetres of coverage about the sponsorship activity achieved by IKEAPre-testing and pos-testing of awareness in relation to sponsorship activity of IKEAFeedback from participants- quantitative feedback from community groups sponsored party and other stakeholders to determine effect on corporate image.Internal communication evaluation monthlyFeedback forms and attitude surveys may be used to gain feedback from participating staff how effective they thought communication was what information needs were or were not met what effect the new role emphasis has had on their job satisfaction etc.8. endThe company recognizes that supporting the community is not only a matter of morality, but it also improves a companys brand image, reputation and allows the company to gain m ore publicity and exposure. It is important that IKEA makes a careful selection of communication mix to communicate with key community groups.Appendix 1 Organization overviewCompany backgroundIKEA is a Swedish Multi-National home furnishing Company (MNC). It was founded in Almhult, Sweden in 1943 by only a 17-year old boy Ingvar Kamprad who started selling farm implements at a reduced price under the name IKEA, which is acronym for his initials (I.K), farm (Elmtaryd) and village (Agunnaryd) where he was born and grew up. At the beginning IKEA sold small items such as victuals containers, pens, jewelry and watches before becoming internationally known.Due to the success of furniture line, Ingvar Kamprad decided to put an end to all the other products focusing only on furniture. In 1958, the first IKEA store was assailable in Almhult, Sweden and since 1960s the IKEA stores opened outside Sweden.Nowadays, IKEA has turned into the worlds largest furniture retailer, with over 300 store s in more than 35 countries since its first outlet and visited by 600 million visitors around the world and plans to develop further. IKEA managed to double its sales significantly in a couple of years. Turnover of all IKEA stores (sales tax not included) was 22,713 million EURO in 2009.Organization structureIn spite of its great expansion, IKEA is privately owned company. Ingvar Kamprad still has some control over the company through a unique organization. The IKEA corporate structure is divided into two main parts operations and franchising. Currently, the company is owned by Stichting INGKA trigger based in Netherlands. INGKA holding B.V. is the parent of all the companies of the IKEA Group. Every IKEA store is given the rights to operate the IKEA Concept on a defined market.IKEAs vision is To create a better everyday life for the many people. The many people include suppliers, employees, customers, and other stakeholders postulateed by IKEA operations.Business idea To offer a wide range of well- designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them.IKEA does not have its own manufacturing facilities but uses subcontracted manufactures around the world. To facilitate shopping, IKEA provides catalogues, tape measures, shopping lists and website to help the consumer with fitting the furniture into the room. So, IKEAs success is based on the relatively simple idea of keeping the cost between manufactures and customers down.Target marketThe company targets the customer who is looking for good value and is willing to do a little bit of work serving themselves, so they pick up the furniture, carry it home and fix it themselves. The typical IKEA customer is young families and couples just starting out to middle income family.IKEA productsIKEA product range is approximately 10,000 products in total. The product range of IKEA is extensive enough. It is wide in function as it sells not only furni ture but also from plants and living room furnishings to toys and whole kitchens. IKEA make every effort to use renewable and recyclable materials in their products.IKEA brand and communicationIKEA is one of the successful global brands associated with its unique cultural branding that merges the value, low cost and fashionable design to ensure the creation of affordable present-day(a) household goods for the middle class.The company emphasized its Swedish heritage in its international advertising, even going as far to insist on Swedish blue and yellow colour scheme echoes the colours of the Swedish national flag for its stores. Any IKEA stores include restaurants that serve Swedish meatballs.IKEA has a long tradition in marketing communication focusing primarily on printed media IKEAs catalogue is the worlds largest free distribution translated into several languages and now it is possible to view online on the website. new(prenominal) IKEAs communication tools are TV, radio, an d internet.IKEA in UKAccording to the latest figures from market intelligence specialists Verdict Consulting, IKEA UK total market share up to the end of quarter threesome 2009 is 6.1 %IKEAs competitors in the UK are DIY retailers that are selling more home furnishings like Argos, B Q, Homebase and John Lewis.There are 18 stores in the UK, the first of which opened in Warrington in 1987. The largest IKEA store is in Croydon, London. In July 2009 IKEA opened a store in Dublin-its first in Ireland.Appendix 2 An audit of brisk relationships with key community groupsIntroductionIKEA is undertaking an audit in order to identify projects key community groups in Coventry, an assessment of their interests, and the ways in which these interests affect project effectiveness and limitations. Stakeholder audit seeks to identify these.Audit methodologyMethodologies that were used to undertake and audit of IKEA UK community groups are the followingSecondary research on stakeholder theory and s takeholder analysis methodologies. (See the selected bibliography attached as appendix of this report).Mendelows stakeholder mapping matrix will be taken as a technique to classify stakeholders according to their importance to the organisation.IKEA sustainability report 2008 and other documentary evidence in regard to the IKEAs relationships with community groups.Identification of community groups and nature of relationshipA number of community groups were identified by the in-house survey. Identified community groups in IKEA are the followingFigure A1.1. Community groups and relationshipSite communityWorkplacecommunityFencelinecommunityIKEALocal mediaStrength of relationshipStrongWeakLocal governmentUniversitiesChurch groupsTrade UnionGreenpeaceStakeholder map power/interest matrixIn order to establish the community groups and their level of influence and impact on relationship marketing we will use stakeholder mapping technique. Mendelows stakeholder map classifies stakeholders in relation to the power that they hold and the extent to which they are likely to show interest in the strategies of the organization. The following figure shows the results of power/interest analysis for IKEA UK community groups. The symbols + and - are used, according to whether each group is, generally, a supporter or opponent of the aims and activities of IKEA.Figure A1.2. Power/interest for community groups in IKEA relationship marketingLevel of interestLow HighLowA Minimal effortuniversities +church groups +Level of powerB lapse informedMedia local press +/-C Keep satisfiedHighLocal government +/-Pressure groupsTrade Union -Greenpeace -D Key playersSite community +/-Fenceline community +/-Workplace community +/-The current position of each community group may be justified as followsInfluence is considered with particular reference to the community groups potential impact on IKEAs relationshi

Medicinal Properties of Fruits for Cancer

Medicinal Properties of Fruits for CancerABSTRACTCancer a indisposition with high morbidity and mortality rates is a challenge to human life. The current therapeutic strategies atomic number 18 associated with adverse set up which necessitates alternate treatment with little adverse do. In addition to this pubic louse go alongion is desirable which has lead to a new concept called biochemoprevention. In this regard, medicinal properties of plants can be exploit for cancer prevention and oversight as they can be procured cost effectively and atomic number 18 less alike(p)ly to produce adverse effects as they ar diet derived. This article reviews the phytochemicals and evidence ground preventive and therapeutic effects of some unremarkably lend oneselfd plants with medicinal properties against cancer.Key words Cancer, phytochemicals, medicinal properties of plants, biochemoprevention.INTRODUCTIONCancer continues to be a challenge to human life as the disease has high mo rbidity and mortality rates. Though surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy perch the Gold Standard measures of cancer therapy they atomic number 18 associated with adverse effects. Despite the recent advances in therapeutic strategies, the five year survival rate of one of the nearly commonsly occurring cancer like oral exam cancer is as low as 62% with no improvement in the quality of life of the affected individuals1. Hence a treatment modality with less adverse effects will be of great benefit to the affected patients. Also research in the field of oncology has lead to better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis that has revealed that caner is a largely preventable disease. Hence a new concept called biochemoprevention has evolved not only to prevent but withal combat the shortcomings of cancer therapy. Chemoprevention or biochemoprevention refers to pharmacological intervention with synthetic or natural compounds that may prevent, inhibit or reverse carcinogenesis.The use of medicinal plants for the management of various diseases including cancer has been carried out several hundred years ago during the period of Charaka, the Father of Medicine and Susrutha, the Father of Surgery. With the advent of new-fangled medicine, traditional medicine has lost its importance. Hence the medicinal properties of plants which are our natural resources must be re- explored to prevent and treat cancer. The advantages of utilizing medicinal properties of plants for cancer prevention and management include easy availability, cost effective and less likely to produce side effects as most of these plants or plant parts are diet derived. This article highlights evidence based preventive and therapeutic effects of some commonly used plants with medicinal properties against cancer.REVIEWNEEMAzadirachta indica commonly known as margosa in English and Vembu in Tamil is native to our country and is known for several medicinal properties including ant imicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic. It also finds its use in preparation of cosmetics, tooth brush, fertilizer, and tooth brush. This could be attributed to more than 140 compounds present in various parts of the plant. Recently research has been carried out to demonstrate the antineoplastic effects of this plant. Ethanolic displume of neem leaves caused both reduction in tumor size and decrease in tumor progression even after cessation of treatment with neem overstretch in N methyl N nitrosurea induced mammary tumors in Sprague Drawley rats. Molecular analysis revealed up standard of proapoptotic genes and proteins such as p53, Bcl2 (B cadre lymphoma 2), Bax, Caspases, PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homologe), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases) and down regulation of oncogenes such as VEGF (Vascular endothelial egress factor), CDK1 (cyclin dependent kinase 1),Nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B), MAP 1 (mitogen frantic protein kinase 1).2Glycoproteins present in neem leaves also uphold anti- cancer effects by restricting tumor growth in murine, These proteins alter tumor microenvironment by increasing CD 8 T (cluster of distinction ) electric cells, protect T cells from Anergy, decrease activation induced T cell death by decreasing expression of FAsR. (FAS receptor) Cytotoxicity of sarcoma cells were caused due to increased expression of performin, granzyme B in lymphocytes3. These results shed light on the fact that neem extracts posses immunomodulatory effects hence aid in targeted therapy against malignant cells, sparing normal cells. Hence these extracts are less likely to produce side effects.TULASIOscimum holy of holies commonly known as Tulasi in Tamil and Holy basil in English is a sacred plant of Hinduism. The aromatic plant has several medicinal properties and has been used several thousand years ago for the management of various diseases and ailments like common cold, fever, acne, headache, stress, aphthous ulcers, asthma, bronchitis, tuberculo sis, ecema. It also has been used as an expectorant for management of cough, antimicrobial agent in preventing diarrhoea, analgesic for pain management. Other medicinal properties include immunomoduation, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective. Phytochemical constituents that confer these properties are oleanic acid, urosolic acid, rosmatinic acid, eugenol, carvacol, linalool, beta carophyllene, beta elemene, germaserene. Oscimum sanctum possesses cancer preventive and therapeutic properties. Important phytochemicals such as eugenol, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, silosterol, carnosic acid, lutrolen, myrtenal present in tulasi prevent chemical induced cancers of whittle, lung, oral cavity, liver by induction of apoptosis, prevention of angiogenesis and metastasis, antioxidant exertion and alteration of genes4. Flavonoids such as ornitine, vicenin, protect normal tissue from therapeutic actinotherapy and prevent radiation induced mortality in mice. Eugenol, rosmarinic acid and apigenin pr esent in Holy basil prevent radiation induced DNA (deoxy ribonucleic acid) damage thereby playacting as chemopreventive agent.Tulasi exerts radioprotective effects in oral cancer by causing significant reduction of glutathione in erythrocytes of oral cancer patients who were treated with radiotherapy and flavonoids of Oscimum sanctum in comparison with oral cancer patients who received only radiotherapy.5ALLIUM VEGETABLESgenus Allium vegetables like onion are used as flavouring and flavorer agent for food in legion(predicate) countries6. Interestingly two species of onion viz red onion (Allium cepa) and yellow onion (Allium flavum) possess medicinal properties.Bulb of Allium cepa contains flavonoids such as anthrocyanins and dihydroflavonols7. The sulphur containing active constituent of onion bulb occur mainly in the form of s alkaline cysteine sulfoxides which decompose into thiosulfinates and polysulfides8. Thiosulfinates are volatile sulphur compounds responsible for the pung ent odour and medicinal properties9. Onion exerts chemopreventive activity. The ethyl acetate extract of onion has been shown to induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines10. It also inhibits fatty acid synthase and lipid accumulation in adipocytes, thereby preventing obesity, one of the predisposing factors for breast cancer11.Yellow onion (Allium flavum) also has anticancer activity Allium flavum extract has significant phenolic content, antioxidant, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillius subtilis and antiproliferative activity against HCT cell lines (Homo sapiens colorectal carcinoma cell lines)12. ananasAnnamas cosmous or pineapple is a tropical plant of Bromadiaceae family. Edible portion of this plant is the fruit which is made of coalesced berries. Pineapple has been used in entropy America, China, South East Asia for the management of various ailments like inflammation, burns as it exerts medicinal properties like anti-inflammatory, antithro mbotic, fibrinolytic, inhibition of platelet aggregation and skin debridement. In 1957, Bromelain was identify as the active principle present in the stem and unripe fruits of pineapple exerting the above mentioned activities. Bromelain, is a mixture of proteases13. Bromelain alters molecular pathways of carcinogenesis, tumor microenvironment hence could be used as an anticancer agent. Bromelain also exerts anticancer effects by immunomodulation and hemostatic mechasnism14. Pineapple extract in stage 2 mouse skin tumorigenesis model cause reduction in tumor size (65%) and volume. Molecular analysis revealed upregulation of p53,Bax,, caspase 3,9 and downregulation of Bcl2, inhibition of COX 2( cyclo group Oase 2), inactivation of NF kappa B (nuclear factor kappa B), MAP(mitogen activated protein linase) kinase, Erk (extracellular-signal-regulated kinases ) and Akt (protein kinase B)15,16.CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLESBrassica oleracea belongs to the family Brassiaceae which are commonly know n as cruciferous vegetables. In uncultivated form it is called as wild cabbage and is native to Europe. twitch (Brassica oleracea capita), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis), Brocoli (Brassica oleraceaitalica) are some of the varieties of wild cabbage developed by various cultivars. These cruciferous vegetables are a part of diet in many countries including India. Recently research has been carried out to assess the phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of these vegetables17. The leaves of Cabbage contain 2 pyrolidinone which has been isolated and identified by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and soaring Performance liquid chromatography. This active constituent induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in GO/G1 phase in HeLa ( cervical cancer cell line taken from Henrietta Lacks) and BC-3 cell lines (body cavity-based lymphoma cell line ), hence possesses antitumor activity.18 Brassica oleracea also contains glucosinoates which on hydrolysis yields isothic yanates that exerts antineoplastic effects. Surforaphane is one such isothiocyanate that causes downregulation of Bcl2 and upregulation of p53, Bax, Caspase 3 in Hep 2 cell lines ( He La derivative )19. Isothicyanates has chemopreventive effects. These isothiocyanates spiel carcinogen metabolising enzymes, thereby limit formation of reactive intermediates that from DNA adducts. Both intact glucosinolates and isothiocyantes modulate Phase II detoxification enzymes such as Quinone reductases, GST,( Glutathione-S-transferases) EH (Epoxide hydrolase), UGT (Uridine 5-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase). Intact glucosinolates modulate CYP cytochrome P450 enzymes line EROD (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) , MROD (ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase). Isothicyanates and glucosinolates like Phenyl isothiocyanates, erucin, sulforaphone are antagonists of Aryl hydrocarcobon receptor hence aid in cancer prevention17.APPLEApple, the pomaceous fruit of Malus domestica tree belongs to the family Rosaceae. Malas sieversi, ancestor of this species is native to the mountains of Central Asia. It is one of the oldest known fruit that prevents lung cancer, continuing obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), thrombosis and stroke. Polyphenols and flavonoids, the phytochemical constituents of apple fruit have antioxidant properties. The phytochemical components of apple can act as chemopreventive agent due to the antioxidant and antiproliferative property20. Triterpenoids of apple peel possesses antitumor activity. 2R-hydroxy-3-(2E)-3-phenyl-1-oxo-2-propenyloxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, 2R-hydroxyursolic acid and 3-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-2R-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid , the triterpenoids isolated from apple peel exerts higher antitumor activity against HepG2 cell lines. Ursolic acid, 3-transp-coumaroyloxy-2R-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid and 2R-hydroxyursolic acid are the terpenoids that has higher antineoplastic activity against MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation- 7) cancer cells. Terpenoids such as 2R-hydroxy-3-(2E)-3-phenyl-1-oxo-2- propenyloxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, 2R-hydroxyursolic acid, maslinic acid, and 3-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-2R-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid has higher anticancer effects against heterogeneoushumanepithelialcolorectaladenocarcinomacells (Caco2) cancer cells. Apple peel extracts exert anticancer effects by causing Go/G1 cell cycle arrest, decreasing expression of Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, increasing the levels of the tumor suppressor protein mapsin in human vapid and breast carcinoma cells21,22.PAPAYACarcia papaya commonly known as papaya of the family Caricaceae is cultivated throughout India. Leaves of papaya have been used to treat diseases and aliments like jaundice, asthma, colic, fever, beri beri. Recent studies have demonstrated that papaya toss extracts could be used for cancer management. Significant growth inhibitory activity of Carica papaya leaf extract on a couple of cell lines including Raji and Ramos (Burkitts lymphoma cell lines) , Jurkat (T cell Lymphoma cell line), HepG2 and Huh-7 (hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines), K562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line) PC14 (lung adenocarcinoma cell line), HeLa (cervical carcinoma cell line, Panc-1 (pancreatic epithelioid carcinoma cell line), Capan1 (pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line), ARH77 (plasma cell leukemia cell line), H2452 (mesothelioma cell line) , Karpas-299 (anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell line), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cell line). Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) with the extract caused increased production of antitumour cytokines with no change in viability of the cells. In addition, the peipheral blood mononuclear cells treated with the extract had increased cytotoxic activity against chronic mylogenous lukemia cell line23. Thus Carcia papaya exterts antitumour activity through grwoth inhibitory and immmunomodulatory mechanisms. This property could be attributed to the acti ve constituent carpaine present in papaya leaves. papaia Leaf also contains a remarkable protein-dissolving enzyme called papain that degrades fibrin that makes up the protective layer of cancer cells, making the cancer cells more susceptible to immune response or chemotherapy. Studies have revealed that mice immunized with papain possess serum antibodies which cross-react with cathepsin-B- and cathepsin-H-like endopeptidases isolated from B16 melanoma cells along with inhibition of growth rate, invasion and metastasis in B16 melanoma and the Lewis lung carcinoma .Thus the compound hinders tumor growth and prevents it from spreading to other parts of the body24. In addition, papaya leaf has antioxidants like beta-carotene, flavonols, and vitamin C that scavenge free radicals which are responsible for carcinogenesis, which act as supplementary for cancer therapy. Papaya seed has been used for the management of worm infestations in the gastrointestinal tract due to its antihelminthic activity. Papaya seeds contain benzyl isothiocyanate which exhibits antineoplastic effects by inhibiting of carcinogen-activating cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases and cell cycle progression inducing carcinogen-detoxifying phase 2 enzyme and apoptosis. Higher concentration of BITC (benzylisothiocyanate) has a better inhibition rate of cell proliferation on H69 cell, with IC(50) value of 6.5 mol/L25.TOMATOLycopersecon ecsculentum or tomato belongs to the night shade family called Solanaceae. Fleshy fruit of this plant is red in colour which is classified based on size and shape as slicing or globe tomato, beefsteak, oxheart, plum, pear, cherri, carpari. Lycopene is the chief active constituent having antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiovascular and immunomodulatory effects26. Lycopene is a better singlet oxygen scavenger than other carotenoids. Interestingly tomato leaves has anticancer activity. Extracts of tomato leaves have been shown to exert antineoplastic activity in MCF breast cancer cell lines by causing genetic alterations27. Lycopene promotes cell adhesion by increasing E cadherin expression, reduces cell proliferation by decreasing PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) expression and confines proliferating cells to the humble and parabasal layer in 4NQQ (4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide )induced tongue carcinogenesis model in mice. Thus Lycopene could be used as a chemopreventive agent28. Bifunctional nucelases from tomato RTBN1 also has antitumor activity29.CONCLUSIONalong with attempts to improve cure rate of cancer, concerted efforts to prevent the disease continuity should be undertaken. This is particularly true for the high jeopardize population and high risk individuals. A targeted prevention in high risk individuals with high risk lesions using agents targeted to key molecules in the carcinogenesis process should have an impact in forbidding the disease morbidity and mortality. Advances in molecular biology have helped to define t hese high risk individuals with high risk lesions and novel chemopreventive targets. In this regard targeted woo using medicinal properties of plants should overcome some of the earlier setbacks observed in cancer prevention and therapeutic research.

On socialism :: essays research papers

Quod Apostolici Muneris (On Socialism) ReflectionSummary of ContentThis clause condemns collectivism as anti Christian philosophy. From beginning to end, its hateful none of hand and description of socialism does not change. In the first paragraph, it already denounces socialism as a deadly plague creeping into society. Later, it ends with calling socialism a step into wickedness. Most concerning about socialism is condemning of two things. First, the Church (or so the article claims) was built on the inequality of men. Hence, socialism creates chaos because citizenry refuse to obey higher power. This, to the churchs eye, is dangerous because it destroys Gods natural order. As well, socialism permitting divorces is not viewed pleasantly by the Church. Divorcing, the article states, is not permitted even in barbarous nation (keep in mind the date at which this article was written). In eyes of the Church at the time, socialists be regarded lower than even barbarous people ar. Q uestions On the Article1) Why is it that socialism is condemned in the Churchs eye since in Heaven, there is not supposed to be any ownership of property?2) Why is it that the church seems to promote the inequality of men? Is that not contradictory to the Bible stating that all people are made in the image of God. 3) What is the reason that the Church forbids divorcing?Objective Conclusion It is evident that socialism is evil in the eyes of the Church. The church decently claims that socialism cannot create the Utopia it promises. Most people in socialist nations are not happy. As seen in histories of China and Russia under a communist government, socialism creates tyrannical governments where civilians are lazy and unmotivated. Such is not someone beautiful in the Churchs eyes. Reflection/Subjective Reactions Defile the flesh, despise territory and blaspheme majesty (POPE LEO XIII, 1878, 1) Quod Apostolici Muneris (On Socialism)s condemnation is devastating, and seem unfit for a social system created to imitate heaven now, no longer are the poor oppressed and social inequality plaguing its unfortunate victims. Through invoking language, Quod Apostolici Muneris (On Socialism) contrasts everything socialism represents with Gods will. From Gods marriage to church and natural faithfulness, it condemns socialism as deadly plague that creeps into the very fibers of human (POPE LEO XIII, 1878, 1). Unfortunately, the presented arguments victimize socialism more than to reveal its evils. The language, though full of coercive words, holds empty of evidence to justify the claim.

Russain Theology :: essays research papers

Chapter 5 The Grand Inquisitor"EVEN this must have a preface -- that is, a literary preface," laughed Ivan, "and I am a poor hand at making one. You see, my action takes place in the sixteenth century, and at that time, as you probably learnt at school, it was customary in poetry to bring down heavenly powers on earth. Not to speak of Dante, in France, clerks, as well as the monks in the monasteries, used to give fastness performances in which the Madonna, the saints, the angels, Christ, and God Himself were brought on the stage. In those days it was done in all simplicity. In Victor Hugos Notre Dame de Paris an edifying and gratuitous spectacle was provided for the hatful in the Hotel de Ville of Paris in the reign of Louis XI in honour of the birth of the dauphin. It was called Le bon jugement de la tres sainte et gracieuse Vierge Marie, and she appears herself on the stage and pronounces her bon jugement. Similar plays, chiefly from the hoar Testament, were occasio nally performed in Moscow too, up to the times of Peter the Great. But besides plays there were all sorts of legends and ballads scattered about the world, in which the saints and angels and all the powers of paradise took part when required. In our monasteries the monks busied themselves in translating, copying, and even composing such poems- and even under the Tatars. There is, for instance, one such poem (of course, from the Greek), The Wanderings of Our Lady through Hell, with descriptions as bold as Dantes. Our Lady visits hell, and the Archangel Michael leads her through the torments. She sees the sinners and their punishment. There she sees among others one noteworthy set of sinners in a burning lake some of them sink to the pervade of the lake so that they cant swim out, and these God forgets- an expression of extraordinary depth and force. And so Our Lady, shocked and weeping, retroverts before the throne of God and begs for mercy for all in hell- for all she has seen th ere, indiscriminately. Her conversation with God is immensely interesting. She beseeches Him, she will not desist, and when God points to the hands and feet of her Son, nailed to the Cross, and asks, How can I forgive His tormentors? she bids all the saints, all the martyrs, all the angels and archangels to fall down with her and pray for mercy on all without distinction.