Visions of America Essay example -- Landscaping Painting Art Papers

Visions of the States The importance of American landscape motion picture in the 19th century extended far beyond the borders of the art world. The nineteenth century in America was a paradoxical time in which great nationalism and enormous self-confidence and optimism merged with growing disunity (Wilmerding 54), and the glow of circulate was inextricably tied to the destruction of the majestic landscape that was a source of American identity and pride. Landscape painters at this time were faced with the difficult toil of reconciling these conflicting aspects of American culture and identity. Their paintings blend physical descriptions of the American land with cultural descriptions of the American national identity. American landscape painting was founded in the main by European artists like Thomas Birch, Francis Guy, William Groombridge and Joshua Shaw, who came to America to escape the background of political turbulence in Europe that was the result of the Napoleonic Wars ( Wilmerding 40). The most illustrious and influential of this first group of painters was Thomas Cole. Although Coles influences included European artists like Turner, Poussin, Claude, and Salvator Rosa, he came to create a style of landscape painting that, despite its indebtedness to artists like these, was distinctly America in flavor. It was he who particularly came to articulate a national consciousness through his paintings, which we now recognise as the beginning of Americas first major landscape style (Wilmerding 40). With Cole, landscape painting took on a stature in America like that which history painting traditionally possessed in Europe. He was able to transfer the heroic aims of history painters to the landscape category, where at ... ...g of the Nineteenth hundred Realism, Idealism and the American Experience. New York Praeger Press, 1969. Novak, Barbara. Nature and Culture American Landscape and Painting 1825-1875. New York Oxford University Press, 1980. N ovak, Barbara, ed. On Divers Themes from Nature A Selection of Texts. The essential Paradise Painting in America 1800-1959. Ed. Kynaston McShine. New York The Museum of forward-looking Art, 1976. 59-105. Rosenblum, Robert. The Primal American Scene. The Natural Paradise Painting in America 1800-1959. Ed. Kynaston McShine. New York The Museum of Modern Art, 1976. 13-37. Wilmerding, John. Fire and Ice in American Art Polarities from Luminism to Abstract Expressionism. The Natural Paradise Painting in America 1800-1959. Ed. Kynaston McShine. New York The Museum of Modern Art, 1976. 38-56.

Importance of After-School Programs Essay -- Argumentative Childcare C

Importance of After-School Programs There are approximately cardinal nine million children and y outh, ages 6-17 living in the U.S. (Making the Case 1). Children need care while they are in the initial stages of growth and development. Whether this care is provided by a mother, father, sibling, or other guardian, a child needs to be loved. When children turn a certain age, the care of the family is added to by caregivers in another institution. piece of music attending school, children are shown care for the duration of the day by teachers, mentors, and other aids. This is a productive term for the childrens development because they are being nurtured in a well rounded, safe environment. This environment provides initial academic installment as well as nurture and growth. This safe, enriching, productive school time ends at about 3 p.m. What happens when the school bell rings? Where do the children go when they are coerce to leave this institution? The reality in America straight off is that forty four percent of families do not have safe, supervised places for their children to go after school on a regular basis, according to the Afterschool trammel and sponsored by the JC Penney Afterschool Fund (Building and Sustaining 1) . With that many children unsafe, it can be assumed that there is a need for somewhere for children to go once they are forced to leave their schools. Many other statistics imply a need for some kind of place to adopt unsupervised children during the after- school hours. About 7 out of 10 school age children are part of families where both parents are working fulltime, or the only parent in the household is working full- time (Newman 17). In addition, there are about eleven million children in Ame... ... m (2005) 6 p. 5 Feb. 2005 .Newman, Sanford A., et al. Americas After- School Choice The Prime Time for Juvenile Crime, Or Youth Enrichment and Achievement. Fight Crime Invest in Kids 2000 35p. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO H ost. University of Denver Penrose Library, Denver. 5 Feb. 2005 .Ortmann, Dr. Rudider. Anomie as a outlet of Disturbances of Equilibrium in Case of Suddenly Occurring Social or Personal Changes. (Nov. 2000) 14 p. 5 Feb. 2005 .Rinehart, Jen. A New Day Begins After School. Principal, Beyond the toll 82.5 (May/June 2003) 19 pars. 5 Feb. 2005 .The Bridge Project Web Page. The Bridge Project. 5 Feb. 2005 .

Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) Written and Contributed by SUGABUGA456 Edgar Allan Poe was one of Americas famous poets, manufacturing short-story writers, and literary critics. He is known as the first master of short story form especially in tales of horror, and mystery. The work he produced was considered to be several(prenominal) of the most influential literary criticism of his time. His poems made him one of the most famous figures in American literary history. His influence on literature is seen in all literature books in schools everywhere. Some of his famous writings is that of "Annabel Lee" his detective story, "The Murders in Rue Morgue" "The Pit and the Pendulum" and "The Tell-Tale Heart" are the opera hat among his horror stories and The Raven one of his best poems which among all these, made him very famous in 1845. "The Fall of the House of Usher", and "The Masque of the Red last", made him a forerunner of symbolism, and impressionism. Poe antagonized many people with a scathing campaign against an American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow for supposed plagiarism. Later that twelvemonth Poe admitted to being drunk, which still separated him from the public. Poes later years were full of economic hardship and ill health. Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. He was orphaned at the early age of two, his father deserted the family and his mother died all before he was three in 1811, then Poe became a ward and was raised as a foster child by John Allan, a wealthy merchant of tobacco, and his wife Frances in Richmond, VA but they never legally adopted him. taken by the Allan family to England at the age of six, Poe was placed in a private school. In 1826 Poe enrolled at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. where he acquired gambling debts that John Allan refused to pay. Eventually, Poe was forced to get down from the university, and Allan prevented his return to the univ ersity and broke off Poes engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster, his Richmond sweetheart. His relationship with Allan was declined and he moved from his foster father and enlisted in the army. Also in 1827, he went to Boston where he wrote his fist book "Tamerlane and other poems" that he sold for $.12 a copy but it didnt sell. He served a two year term while waiting for an appointment to the US Military Academy.

Methods Of Execution :: essays research papers fc

Methods of Execution     One mans taking of an separates life is generally seen as an unforgivableact which is punishable with death. When this is make as punishment however, itis seen as an honorary deed by removing this criminal from the world and makingit a much safer place to live. With executions in mind, it is incredible what foxy methods can be thought of by the human brain and the fact that theidea is centered around the murdering of one man does not even lurch howprodigious these innovations are seen to be. Many different techniques andprocedures for execution are utilize throughout the world revealing much about acountrys culture and their lodge in for their citizens.     By far one of the most well known and publicly glamorized of all methodsof execution is electrocution. Present in nine American states, it was firstused in New York in 1890. When a condemned man is scheduled to be executed, heis led into the death chamber and s trapped to the point of immobility into areinforced chair with belts crossing his chest, groin, legs, and arms. Twocopper electrodes, dipped in brine or treated with Eletro-Creme to increaseconductivity, are attached to him, one to his leg and the other to his head. Thefirst jolt, between five-hundred and two-thousand volts depending on the size ofthe prisoner, is given for 30 seconds. Smoke will begin to come out of theprisoners leg and head and these areas may slit fire if the victim has beensweating profusely. A doctor will examine him and if he still shows life signs,more jolts of two-thousand volts are administered to finish the job (Matthews).A main reason for electrocutions original use was the thought that death wasimmediate. Unfortunately this is not the case. Doctors today believe that thevictim feels "himself begin burned to death and suffocative since the shockcause respiratory paralysis as well as cardiac arrest. Because the energy of theshock paralyzes the muscle s, he cannot cry out, and therefore is presumed dead("This is your death..."). How ironic that one reason electrocution was kept inuse was that, although expensive, it was immensely serene as far as the prisoneris concerned.     Still used extensively throughout the world today and in its solerepresenting U.S. state, Utah, the firing squad has a much greater claim tobeing humane as bullets at a time into the heart generally cause instantaneousdeath. Utah uses an extremely exact and well-practiced method which is immenselycentered around concern for the victim by taking almost every precaution

Defining Race, Gender, Class Lens :: Race Gender Social Class

What is the Race, Gender, Class Lens?Race, sex and class shape the experience of all populate. This fact has been widely documented in research and, to some extent, is unremarkably understood. New studies interpret race, gender, class as interlocking categories of experience that affect all aspects of life thus they simultaneously social organisation the experiences of all people in society. At any moment, race, class or gender may feel more salient or meaningful in a given persons life, only if they are overlapping and cumulative on their effect on peoples experiences.Because of their simultaneity in peoples lives we advocate using the approach of a matrix of domination to test race, class, and gender as several(predicate) but interrelated axes of social structure. A matrix of domination posits multiple, interlocking levels of domination that antecedent from the societal configuration of race, class,and gender relations. This structural pattern affects individual consciousne ss, group interaction, and group access to institutional power and privileges (Collins 1990).Race, Gender, Class analysis invites us to signalize between reckoning relatively and thinking relationally. People think comparatively when they learn about experiences other than their own and begin comparing and contrasting the experiences of different groups. This is a step beyond centering hotshots own thinking on a single group (typically ones own), but is nonetheless limited.Relational thinking involves sightedness the interrelationships among diverse group experiences. When you think relationally, you see the social structures that simultaneously generate unique group histories and link them together in society. This does not mean that one groups experiences is the same as anothers, although conclusion commonalities is an important step toward more inclusive thinking. In thinking relationally, you untangle the workings of social systems that shape the experiences of different p eople and groups, and you move beyond fitting comparing(for example) gender oppression with race oppression, or the oppression of gays and lesbians with that of racial groups.Defining Race, Gender, Class Lens Race Gender neighborly ClassWhat is the Race, Gender, Class Lens?Race, gender and class shape the experience of all people. This fact has been widely documented in research and, to some extent, is commonly understood. New studies interpret race, gender, class as interlocking categories of experience that affect all aspects of life thus they simultaneously structure the experiences of all people in society. At any moment, race, class or gender may feel more salient or meaningful in a given persons life, but they are overlapping and cumulative on their effect on peoples experiences.Because of their simultaneity in peoples lives we advocate using the approach of a matrix of domination to analyze race, class, and gender as different but interrelated axes of social structure. A matrix of domination posits multiple, interlocking levels of domination that stem from the societal configuration of race, class,and gender relations. This structural pattern affects individual consciousness, group interaction, and group access to institutional power and privileges (Collins 1990).Race, Gender, Class analysis invites us to distinguish between thinking comparatively and thinking relationally. People think comparatively when they learn about experiences other than their own and begin comparing and contrasting the experiences of different groups. This is a step beyond centering ones own thinking on a single group (typically ones own), but is nonetheless limited.Relational thinking involves seeing the interrelationships among diverse group experiences. When you think relationally, you see the social structures that simultaneously generate unique group histories and link them together in society. This does not mean that one groups experiences is the same as anothers, alt hough finding commonalities is an important step toward more inclusive thinking. In thinking relationally, you untangle the workings of social systems that shape the experiences of different people and groups, and you move beyond just comparing(for example) gender oppression with race oppression, or the oppression of gays and lesbians with that of racial groups.

American Careers in the Terkels Working Essay -- Studs Terkel

America The plurality behind the ProfessionsA little girl dreams of a white wedding with white doves flying over the ceremonial occasion and the fairy-tale honeymoon. Only then to come home to the yellow house in the country, with the white picket fence included. Everyone has daydreamed about their future and having the perfect house, with the perfect simple machine and the perfect marriage- everyone wants to live the American Dream. There are many populate that believe that the American Dream is a concept that they are authorize to and expected to live. Then, there are those who believe that you should use the opportunities that America offers as a stepping stone to earn and create your own American dream. However, as time goes on the mainstream idea of living the American Dream has changed. This change is mostly due to the ever-changing economy, professions, and expectations of the American people. Throughout the book Working, by Studs Terkel, we piece many diverse groups of people to discover the people behind the jobs that allows American society to operate and how their choice of a career path has changed their lives.Here is microphone Lefervre , a 37-year-old steel worker. Lefervre talks down on intellectuals, and complains that they degrade people who actually work. A moment later, however, he contradicts and degrades himself A mule, an old mule, thats the way I feel. He is hurt and irritated that his son lacks respect but yet, I want my kid to be a America The People behind the Professions 3snob... I want him to tell me hes not gonna be like me. Lefervre wants his son to have the life he never had and was unable to provide for him. This is a green thought for many parents in America. He talks about the anger... ...eer, musician, carpenter, street cleaner, farmer, office clerk, mechanic, housewife, stenographer, union organizer, bartender, truck driver... All of em Im the et cetera and the And-so-forth who do the work... I am... America.America The People behind the Professions 5We all know that most people hate their jobs. Work is seen as something we have to do, and very lucky few seem to fetch a job that we enjoy. How we feel about work, and what we do for a living, in many ways helps to define who we are and who we are going to become. Having seen actual people share their perspectives and view points on working for a living helps us see ourselves and rethink our future. Overall, Studs Terkel helps flash- back into Americas history and see the changes that America ans its people have gone through.

American Careers in the Terkels Working Essay -- Studs Terkel

the States The hatful behind the ProfessionsA little girl dreams of a white wedding with white doves escape over the ceremony and the fairy-tale honeymoon. Only then to come home to the yellow house in the country, with the white picket fence included. Everyone has daydreamed about their future and having the perfective tense house, with the perfect car and the perfect marriage- everyone wants to live the American Dream. There are many people that believe that the American Dream is a judgment that they are entitled to and expected to live. Then, there are those who believe that you should use the opportunities that America offers as a stepping stone to earn and create your own American dream. However, as time goes on the mainstream idea of living the American Dream has changed. This change is mostly due to the ever-changing economy, professions, and expectations of the American people. Throughout the carry Working, by Studs Terkel, we meet many diverse groups of people to discov er the people behind the jobs that allows American society to operate and how their choice of a career racecourse has changed their lives.Here is Mike Lefervre , a 37-year- out of date steel worker. Lefervre talks down on intellectuals, and complains that they degrade people who actually work. A moment later, however, he contradicts and degrades himself A mule, an old mule, thats the way I feel. He is hurt and irritated that his son lacks respect but yet, I want my kid to be a America The People behind the Professions 3snob... I want him to tell me hes not gonna be like me. Lefervre wants his son to have the life he never had and was unable to nominate for him. This is a common thought for many parents in America. He talks about the anger... ...eer, musician, carpenter, street cleaner, farmer, office clerk, mechanic, housewife, stenographer, union organizer, bartender, truck driver... All of em Im the et cetera and the And-so-forth who do the work... I am... America.America The People behind the Professions 5We all know that most people hate their jobs. Work is seen as something we have to do, and very lucky few seem to find a job that we enjoy. How we feel about work, and what we do for a living, in many ways helps to define who we are and who we are acquittance to become. Having seen actual people share their perspectives and view points on working for a living helps us see ourselves and rethink our future. Overall, Studs Terkel helps flash- back into Americas history and see the changes that America ans its people have gone through.

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 28

savourless had no idea what time it was, only if it was deep dusk under the trees. He was lying brassways in Elenas new car, as if hed been tossed in and forgotten. His entire body was in pain.This time he awoke and immediately thought, Elena. But he couldnt disclose the white of her camisole anyw here(predicate), and when he called, first softly, thus sh let outing, he got no answer.So now he was spirit his way around the clearing, on hands and knees. Damon seemed to have gone and that gave him a spark of hope and courage that lit up his mind like a beacon. He erect the discarded Pendleton shirt considerably trampled. But when he couldnt find another soft warm body in the clearing, his heart crashed take in fewwhere around his boots.And past he remembered the Jaguar. He fumbled frantically in one pocket for the keys, came up empty, and finally discovered, inexplicably, that they were in the ignition.He lived by means of the agonizing moment when the car wouldnt start, an d thus was shocked to see the brightness of its headlights. He puzzled briefly just about how to turn the car go making sure he wasnt running a limp Elena over, then dug through the glove compartment box, flinging out manuals and pairs of sunglasses. Ah, and one lapis lazuli ring. Someone was keeping a spare here, precisely in case. He put it on it fit intimately enough.At last his fingers closed over a flashlight, and he was free to search the clearing as thoroughly as he hopeed to.No Elena.No Ferrari either.Damon had taken her somewhere.All right, then, he would track them. To do that he had to intrust Elenas car behind, but he had already seen what these monsters could do to cars, so that wasnt give tongue to much.He would have to be careful with the flashlight, too. Who knew how much charge the batteries had left?For the hell of it, he tried calling Bonnies mobile phone, and then her home phone, and then the boardinghouse. No signal, fifty-fifty though according to the phone itself, there should have been. No need to question why, either this was the Old Wood, messing with things as usual. He didnt withal ask himself why it was Bonnies number he called first, when Meredith would probably be more sensible.He found the tracks of the Ferrari easily. Damon had sped out of here like a bat matted smiled grimly as he finished the sentence in his mind.And then hed driven as if to get out of the Old Wood. This was easy, it was clear that either Damon had been button too fast for proper control or that Elena had been fighting, because in a number of places, mainly around corners, the tire tracks showed up clearly against the soft worldly concern beside the road. lustrelessness was especially careful not to step on anything that might be a clue. He might have to backtrack at some point. He was careful, too, to ignore the quiet noises of the night around him. He knew the malach were out there, but he refused to let himself think about them.And he never s o far asked himself why he was doing this, deliberately going into danger instead of retreating from it, instead of trying to drive the Jaguar out of the Old Wood. After all, Stefan hadnt left him as bodyguard.But then you couldnt trust anything that Damon might say, he thought.And besides salutary, hed always kept one eye out for Elena, even before their first date. He might be clumsy, slow, and weak in comparison to their enemies now, but he would always try.It was pitch-dark now. The last remnants of twilight had left the sky, and if Matt looked up he could see clouds and stars with trees leaning in ominously from either side.He was getting toward the end of the road. The Dunstans house should be coming up on the right sensibly soon. Hed ask them if theyd seen Blood.At first his mind flew to ridiculous alternatives, like dark red paint. But his flashlight had caught reddish brown stains on the roadside just as the road made a sharp curve. That wasblood on the road there. And not just a little blood.Being careful to walk well around the red-brown marks, running his flashlight over and over the far side of the road, Matt began to put together what must have happened.Elena had jumped.Either that or Damon had pushed her out of a hurrying car and after all the trouble hed taken to get her, that didnt make much sense. Of course, he might have already bled her until he was satisfied Matts fingers went up to his sore neck instinctively but then, why take her in the car at all?To kill her by force her out?A stupid way to do it, but maybe Damon had been counting on his little pets to take care of the body.Possible, but not precise likely.Whatwas likely?Well, the Dunstans house was coming up on this side of the road, but you couldnt see it from here. And it would be just like Elena to jump out of a speeding car as it rounded a sharp corner. It would take brains, and guts, and a breathtaking trust in sheer luck that it wouldnt kill her.Matts flashlight tardi ly traced the devastation of a long hedge of rhododendron bushes just off the road.My God, thats what she did. Yeah. She jumped out and tried to roll. Jeez, she was lucky not to break her neck. But she kept rolling, grabbing at root and creepers to stop herself. Thats why theyre all torn up.A bubble of elation was rising in Matt. He was doing it. He was tracking Elena. He could see her take as clearly as if hed been there.But then she got flipped by that tree root, he thought as he continued to follow her trail. That would have hurt. And shed slammed down and rolled on the concrete for a bit that must have been agony shed left a lot of blood here, and then back into the bushes.And then what? The rhododendron showed no more signs of her fall. What had happened here? Had Damon reversed the Ferrari fast enough and gotten her back?No, Matt decided, examining the earth carefully. There was only one set of footprints here, and it was Elenas. Elena had gotten up here only to fall down a gain, probably from injury. And then shed managed to get up again, but the marks were weird, a normal footprint on one side and a deep but small indentation on the other.A crutch. She found herself a crutch. Yeah, and that dragging mark was the mark of her bad foot. She walked up to this tree, and then around it or hopped, actually, thats what it looked like. And then shed headed for the Dunstans.Smart girl. She was probably unrecognizable by now, and anyway, who cared if they noticed the resemblance between her and the late, great Elena Gilbert? She could be Elenas cousin from Philadelphia.So shed gone, one, two, threeeight steps and there was the Dunstan house. Matt could see lights. Matt could smell horses. Excitedly, he ran the rest of the way taking a few fall that didnt do his aching body any good, but still heading straight for the back porch light. The Dunstans werent front porch people.When he got to the door, he pounded on it almost frenziedly. Hed found her. Hed found ElenaIt seemed a long time before the door opened a crack. Matt automatically wedged his foot in the crack while thinking, Yes, good, youre cautious people. Not the type to let a vampire in after youd just seen a girl covered in blood.Yes? What do you want?Its me, Matt Honeycutt, he said to the eye that he could see peering out of the slit of open door. Ive come for El for the girl.What girl are you talking about? the voice said gruffly.Look, you dont have to worry. Its me Jake knows me from school. And Kristin knows me, too. Ive come to help.Something in the sincerity of his voice seemed to strike a chord in the person behind the door. It was opened to burst a large, dark-haired man who was wearing an under-shirt and needed a shave. cigarette him, in the living room was a tall, thin, almost gaunt woman. She looked as if she had been crying. Behind both of them was Jake, whod been a year senior to Matt at Robert E. Lee High.Jake, Matt said. But he got no answer back except a du ll look of anguish.Whats wrong?Matt demanded, terrified. A girl came by here a while ago she was hurt but but you let her in, right?No girls come by here, said Mr. Dunstan flatly.She had to have. I followed her trail she left a trail inblood , do you understand, almost up to your door . Matt wasnt letting himself think. Somehow, if he kept telling the facts loudly enough, they would produce Elena.More trouble, Jake said, but in a dull voice that went with his expression.Mrs. Dunstan seemed the most sympathetic. We heard a voice out in the night, but when we looked, there was no one there. And we have troubles of our own.It was then, right on cue, that Kristin burst into the room. Matt stared at her with a feeling of dj vu. She was dressed up something like Tami Bryce. She had cut off the bottoms of her jeans shorts until they were practically nonexistent. On top she was wearing a bikini top, but with Matt hastily turned his look away two big round holes cut just where Tami h ad had round pieces of cardboard. And shed decorated herself with glitter glue.God Shes only, what, xii? Thirteen? How could she possibly be acting this way?But the next moment, his whole body was vibrating in shock. Kristin had pasted herself against him and was cooing, Matt Honey-butt You came to see meMatt voteless carefully to get over his shock.Matt Honey-butt . She couldnt know that. She didnt even go to the same school as Tami did. Why would Tami have called her and told her something like that?He shook his head, as if to clear it. Then he looked at Mrs. Dunstan, who had seemed kindest. Can I use your phone? he asked. I need Ireally need to make a duplicate of calls.The phones been down since yesterday, Mr. Dunstan said harshly. He didnt try to move Kristin away from Matt, which was odd because he was clearly angry. Probably a fallen tree. And you know mobile phones dont realize out here.But Matts mind spun into overdrive. You really mean that no teenage girl came up to your house asking for help? A girl with nordic hair and blue eyes? I swear, Im not the one who hurt her. I swear I want to help her.Matt Honey-butt? Im making a tattoo, just for you. Still pressed up behind him, Kristin extended her left arm. Matt stared at it, horrified. She had obviously used needles or a pin to dough holes in her left forearm, and then opened a fountain pens cartridge of ink to supply the dark blue color. It was your basic prison-type tattoo, done by a child. The straggling letters M A T were already visible, along with a smudge of ink that was probably going to be another T.No wonder they werent thrilled about letting me in, Matt thought, dazed. Now Kristin had both arms around his waist, making it hard to breathe. She was on tiptoe, talking to him, whispering cursorily some of the obscene things Tami had said.He stared at Mrs. Dunstan. Honest, I havent even seen Kristin for it must be nearly a year. We had an end of the year carnival, and Kristin helped w ith the pony rides, butMrs. Dunstan was motion slowly. Its not your fault. Shes been acting the same way with Jake. Her own brother. And with with her father. But Im tellingyou the truth we havent seen any other girl. No one but you has come to the door today.Okay. Matts eyes were watering. His brain, attuned first of all to his own survival, was telling him to save his breath, not to argue. Telling him to say, Kristin I really cant breathe But Ilove you, Matt Honey-butt. I dont want you toever leave me. Especially for that old whore. That old whore with worms in her eye-socketsAgain Matt felt the sense of the world rocking. But he couldnt gasp. He didnt have the air. Pop-eyed, he turned helplessly toward Mr. Dunstan, who was closest.Cant breathe How could a thirteen-year-old be so strong? It was taking both Mr. Dunstan and Jake to pry her off him. No, even that wasnt working. He was beginning to see a gray network pulsating before his eyes. He needed air.There was a sharp cra ck that ended with a meaty sound. And then another. perfectly he could breathe again.No, Jacob No more Mrs. Dunstan cried. She let him go dont hit her anymoreWhen Matts vision cleared, Mr. Dunstan was doing up his belt. Kristin was wailing, Just youwaaa -hate Just youwaa-haate Youll besor- ry Then she rushed from the room.I dont know if this helps or makes it worse, Matt said when hed gotten his breath back, but Kristin isnt the only girl acting this way. Theres at least one other one in the town All I care about is my Kristin, Mrs. Dunstan said. And thatthingisnt her.Matt nodded. But there was something he needed to do now. He had to find Elena.If a towheaded girl does come to the door and asks for help, will you please let her in? he asked Mrs. Dunstan. Please? But dont let any guys in not even me if you dont want, he blurted.For a moment his eyes and Mrs. Dunstans eyes met, and he felt a connection. Then she nodded and hastened to get him out of the house.All right, Matt tho ught. Elena was headed for here, but she didnt sort of get here. So look at the signs.He looked. And what the signs showed him was that, within a few feet of the Dunstan property, she had inexplicably turned sharply right, deeply into the forest.Why? Had something scared her? Or had she Matt felt sick to his stomach somehow been tricked into hobbling on and on, until at last she left all human help behind?All he could do was to follow her into the woods.

Eco Polo Essay

1) Identify the change in total revenue (the marginal revenue) from the fourth clothe per day. What salute reduction was necessary to sell four quite an than three shirts? Marginal revenue for the fourth shirt is $41 even though it price is $44. Price reduction is $1 which is from $45 to $44. 2) What is the change in total revenue from lowering the price to sell seven rather than six shirts in each color each day? The change in total revenue from selling seventh shirts rather than sixth shirts is $28.The marginal revenue of the seventh shirt is $28. The seventh shirt brings in $38.31, which is the selling price. 3) wear upon out the components of the $28 marginal revenue from the seventh building block sale at $38.31- that is, how much revenue is lost per unit sale relative to the price that would move six shirts per color per day? Selling the seventh shirt per day at a price of $38.31 required reducing the price from $40 to $38.31. Total revenue increased from $240 to $268, a $28 increase. If the company charged $28 for the shirt, the last shirt yielded exactly the same revenue as its cost her. 4) Calculate the total revenue for selling 10-16 shirts per day. Calculate the reduced prices necessary to achieve each of these sales rates.The highlighted part of the table shows the prices and revenue for 10-18 shirts. 5) What number of shirts unit sales most pleases a sales clerk with sales commission-based bonuses? Sales personnel is targeted on receiving the commission from the product they sell ( a given persona of sales revenue ). So, they would prefer the $24.07 price, where total revenue is $361 selling 15 shirts a day. 6) Would you recommend lowering price to the level required to generate 15 unit sales per day? Why or why not? The company should not lowering the price to generate 15 sales per day. By lowering the rpice, the company only face a loss of $59 ( $361-$420 ).This is absolutely not a profit maximization because MCMR. 7) What is the operating profit or loss on the fifteenth shirt sold per color per day? What about the twelfth? The tenth? The marginal operating profit for the fifteenth shirt is $-28. For the twelfth shirt, the marginal operating profit is is $-18. For the tenth shirt, the marginal operating profit is $-12. 8) How many shirts do you recommend selling per color per day? What hence is your recommended dollar markup and markup percentage? What dollar margin and percentage margin is that? Optimal (profit maximizing) is where MR=MC, which is at 7 shirt at theselling price of $38.31 per shirt. The optimal dollar markup is $10.31, the optimal percentage markup is 36.83%, and the dollar margin and percentage margin are $10.31 and 26.91% respectively.

Difference between monopoly pricing and competitive rricing Essay

Essay 1 Congress is discussing the possibility of removing patent shield for life saving drugs in order to deoxidize the cost of the Medicare and Medicaid systems. Discuss both the short-run and long-run implications for the economic situation of the drug industry. Include in your answer the impact on equipment casualtys, new development, etcetera of drugs. Include appropriate graphs showing the difference between monopoly pricing and competitive pricing. The drug industry currently takes on both monopolistic and competitive market place structures.When a drug company develops a new drug, there are patent laws that allow the company to have a monopoly on selling the drug. In the short-run, the company is able to charge the monopoly price (above marginal cost) and maximize profit by producing the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Once the patent runs out, some other drug companies have an incentive to enter the market causing it to become more competitive. T hese new companies produce generic versions of the drug and charge a price below the monopolists price. As more and more competitors enter the price is driven down to marginal cost.If congress were to remove patent protection on life-savings drugs, drug companys profits for life saving drugs would decrease. More companies would be able to begin producing the drugs without waiting for the patent period to decision therefore, the original drug maker would not be able to charge the monopoly price for very long because competitors could quickly engineer generic versions. The original manufacturer would no longer be a price maker and instead need to follow profit maximization rules of a competitive market by producing the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charge a price equal to marginal marginal revenue.Since the original drug maker willing not be able to improvement from monopoly pricing during the patent period, there will be less incentive for them to creat e lifesaving drugs. A part of the gather of higher profits during the monopoly period is the ability to recoup some of the research, develop, and testing costs of producing these drugs that the generic makers do not incur. Consumers on the other hand would benefit from competition in the market which prevents a single drug maker from dictating the market price of these newly developed lifesaving drugs.

“if you forget me” pablo neruda Essay

This poem dramatizes the conflict between the poets passionate burning desire and unconditional love for a woman, and his stern attitude toward her if she doesnt feel the same. By demonstrating excellent personification, imagery, and sentimentality, this poet portrays love, compassion, and optimism. Although the poet expresses deep emotion for his love, he also acknowledges that love can be dangerous, and refuses to be damaged. To begin with, while explicating this poem, it was evident to sack up the assumption that the poet has experienced pain once or twice in his life.The author begins to describe his love for a woman that is so powerful, that it is evident that he would go above and beyond to satisfy her. Arguably, this poem could in fact pertain to the risk, and terror of making oneself available to love and to be loved, which by temperament makes oneself vulnerable to incredible hurt and pain. This is the poets manifesto in the face of such terror, and he does it with authent icity, vulnerability, and authority. As analyzed by literary analyst Donald S. Walsh, This poem is vintage Neruda, with all the passion and fickleness of desire.The underlying melancholy is beautifully brought out by the conversational style (a la Mir Taqi Mir) the conceit would have been metaphysical had it not been for the pain inherent in every verse. This is love that is hurting, that has been hurt in the past, and yet is open to being hurt again. In the opening stanza of this poem, Neruda underlines his authority with a stern, passive statement I want you to know one thing (1) this is an obvious attempt to warn the reader that Neruda is in charge of the future conflict. exercise to the following stanza, Neruda illustrates the salmon pink of nature and compares it to the beauty of love by using keen personification and visual imagery. Such as, the wrinkled body of the log (10) and as if everything that exists, aromas, lights, metals, were brusque boats that sail, toward tho se isles of yours that wait for me. (12-16) This opening stanza gives the reader the inference that the poet is whole-heartedly committed to this woman. The poet also uses an oxymoron to demonstrate his love in lines (7-9), if I touch near the fire the nonphysical ash. Impalpable meaning untouchable. Neruda stresses an excessive amount of sentimentality throughout the beginning of this poem. Proceeding to the third stanza, the poets mood completely changes, If little by little you stop loving me, I shall stop loving you little by little this refers back to the first stanza where once again the narrator refuses to be unresolved to vulnerability. Lines (20-24) stresses the solemnness of the poet by asserting that if suddenly you kibosh him, do not look for him for he shall already have forgotten you. The fifth stanza demonstrates effective use of symbolism by Neruda.To leave me at the shore of the heart where I have root (29) Neruda is now referring back to the isles of hers (16) underlining that the narrator is symbolizing that his body is a tree, and his heart is the roots that have grown deep into the isle (the woman), and have adapted. Neruda then accentuates that if the woman were to leave him at the shore where he has become accustomed to, that on that day, at that hour, I shall lift my arms, and my roots will set off to seek another land (31-35) claiming that the narrator will not wait for her to come back, and he will in fact find another love.Ultimately, Neruda unexpectedly returns to his sentimentality throughout the last stanza, offering optimism. Beginning the stanza with but became very powerful, considering that this was meant to stand-alone the narrator is offering somewhat of a compromise. The poet then returns to the love entrenched speaker he is sought out to be. If each day, each hour, you feel that you are ordain for me with implacable sweetnessin me all that fire is repeated. In me nothing is extinguished or forgotten. (36-44) This is where Neruda emphasizes his true heart felt love for this woman, by illustrating that if the persuasion is mutual nothing will defer his love. Finally in line (45) Neruda connects this poem with a lasting thought, and possibly a theme. My love feeds on your love, beloved Demonstrating his compassion with a lasting effect. Throughout this poem there are no evident signs of rhythm, or rhyme although, the reader may view this as very effective. This, in turn, was perhaps intended by the poet because love in most cases, is unpredictable.There was, however, a noticeable pattern when discovering the poets mood. The first stanza was a warning, the second, a beautiful picture painted by the poet of love. Neruda continues this pattern with repetitive use of the word if which may be referred to as a presupposition. If you suddenly forget me, do not look for me, I shall have already forgotten you. (20-24) This line can be interpreted as, if she forgets him, he will forget her first. Neruda at last discontinues this pattern by returning to the mood of the second stanza by incorporating beautiful imagery and personification once again.This, in fact insures that the poet is unafraid of the risks of falling in love, but remains completely aware. According to the Poetry Society Of America, anyone who knows anything about Pablo Neruda knows that he is considered the poet of love. Which is clearly demonstrated throughout this poem. Neruda was effective in creating a love story, one of which can be interpreted in many ways. Neruda painted the reader a vivid picture with the use of personification and the beauty of love. After diagnosing this poem, the tone, form, and consistency of Neruda really fit the overall love to be loved theme.

Circle Of Trust

As I reminisce about the required readings of this weeks lessons, I am reminded of the phrase Circle of faith. The words are simple enough, but the meaning behind it is so profound. According to Palmer, the circle of trust is not just about familiar and gentle relationships between family, friends and loved ones. The circle of trust is truly about the relationship that a person builds or creates within every space of their lives.Rather that space be your personal life, your cultural actions or your vocational life. A circle of trust can form wherever two or three are ga thered-?as long as those two or here k right offn how to create and protect a space for the soul (Palmer, 2004). Palmers analysis of how important trust is to the soul, is reflect with the beliefs of Dry. West, Boers, Chestier, and Villainies. In Dry. Wests book, Race Matters, Dry. West speaks about the damaged and strained relationships between the black race and current society.He contends that if humanity is wi lling to find a normal place in their hearts for acceptance (admitting of pain), for forgiveness ( afflicted of pain) and for progression (healing) a circle of trust can begin to shape. We subscribe to to recognize that there cannot be relationships unless there is commitment, unless there is loyalty, unless there is love, patience, persistence (West, 1994). The idea of structuring a framework of mutual respect, compassion and acceptances of others personal differences rather it be ethnicity, culture or ethics, can broaden and strengthen the circle of trust.Notwithstanding, in Dry. Wests video Democracy Matters Winning the Fight Against Imperialism, Dry. West continues to stress the value of nurturing the human olfactory property to be humble and democratic when interacting with all humanity. Dry. West goes on to say this is important because when all human beings are valued, we as a society will win. The sterling(prenominal) intellectual, moral, political, and spiritual resourc es in America that may renew the soul and preserve the future of American democracy reside in this multiracial, rich democratic heritage (West, 2005).In Victor Villagers book, Burro Genius A Memoir, Villainies revealed how living as a Mexican American, the lack of empathy and compassion from society disrupted his inner truth and relationships with others. He goes on to say that once the large number in his community, his world, and in his space where willing to embrace and expand their cultural awareness his soul became alive. The beginning of all intuition is to understand that you dont know. To know is the enemy of all learning. To be sure is the enemy of wisdom (2004).This notion of expanding ones inner circle and allowing the soul to trust the unknown and the spirit to challenge the unfamiliar can be linked to Arthur Boers book Living into Focus. In Living into Focus, Boers deems that as a society, we are living our lives in a state of distraction and comfort. As a society, w e have become so distracted with technology, gadgets, and television, that we have lost focus Of the important things in life. We are now experts in comfortable and non-challenging state of affairs or relationships.This according to Boers, has caused us to lose focus on relationships, humanity, spiritual and inner growth. When we allowing devices and machines to reside at the pump of our lives, we displace values and practices that once enriched the quality of how we live. Which end up serving our gadgets instead of using them as tools to support our priorities. Technology itself becomes the center and purpose of how we live (Boers, 2012). The use up of these authors and their analysis on life, family and culture has allowed me to do some self-reflecting.I am reminded that the role of my family plays a tremendous part in my interactions and relationship with others. Come from a Christian background and my ethics and moral compass guides my actions. I have unceasingly made an hone st effort to treat people the way that I would want people to treat me and I often have people I work with say to me, wow, you are so nice. To me, being nice and genuine with people is part of my ethical framework. It is not something that I have to work at.It is something that has been instilled and demonstrated in my everyday life. My parents have and continue to be an example of what it means to have circles of trust in every area of life. Remember as a child, my parents would always say, when you are in school, you are a reflection of us. When I became older, they would say, where you go, you are a reflection of us. That statement has always been the ethical orientation of life. It shaped my relationships with friends, co-workers, my students, my colleagues and strangers alike.I never wanted or want to disappoint my parents or my self, and so conduct my life accordingly. When I am engaging or interacting with my friends or with people in general, my ethical foundation of having mutual respect for others is always on display. This also holds true when I interact with my students. I treat all of my students with respect and value. I make it my mission to teach my students how to treat others, how to interact with others and how to have respect for homeless.My circle of trust is always expanding, and the more add to my circle, the more fulfilled I become. Know cant and dont want to live in this long world alone, so I try to bring as many people as can along with me for the ride. My dad always says, you cant go to promised land all by yourself, and while you are living, visit the elderly, give to the mother and fatherless, offer a kind word to the hopeless and let Christ be your reason. I try to live everyday by this motto, and in doing so, I hope that the circle that I am creating is one that will never be broken.

Eco Parks & Environment

Industrial ecologists are championing eco-industrial pose or EIPs as tools for pursuing sustainable development. An EIP is a community of companies located in one region that exchange and make use of each differents by-products or energy. Among the best known is Kalundborg, Denmark, a urban center in which the major industries and the local government trade their float streams and energy resources. Many commentators see Kalundborg as a model that should be copied and mendd upon. compute what a team of designers could come up with if they were to start from scratch, locating and specifying industries and factories that had potentially synergistic and symbiotic relationships, writes Paul Hawken (1993, 63), author of The Ecology of Commerce. Ernest A. Lowe (1997, 58) points out that while industrial ecosystems must be largely self-organizing, there is a significant role for an organizing team in educating potential participants to the opportunities and in creating the conditions t hat support the development. Because of this enthusiastic endorsement, numerous EIPs fork up been planned in North and South America, Southeast Asia, Europe and Southern Africa (Ayres 1996 Indigo Development 1998 Gertler 1995 Lowe 1997). Kalundborg, a small city on the island of Seeland, 75 miles westmost of Copenhagen, is indeed an impressive example of a recycling network.In this city of 20,000, the four main industriesa coal-fired power nominate (Asn?s), a refinery (Statoil), a pharmaceuticals and enzymes nobleman (Novo Nordisk), a plasterboard manufacturer (Gyproc), as well as the municipal government and a few smaller businessesfeed on each others wastes, in the knead turning them into useful inputs. The Asn?s power company supplies residual steam to the Statoil refinery and, in exchange, receives refinery gas that used to be flared as waste. The power plant burns the refinery gas to generate electricity and steam.It sends excess steam to a fish farm that it operates, to a district heating system serving 3,500 homes, and to the Novo Nordisk plant. dung from the fish farm and pharmaceutical processes becomes fertilizer for nearby farms. The power plant sends fly ash to a cement company, while gypsum produced by the power plants desulfurization process goes to a company that produces gypsum wallboard. Finally, the Statoil refinery removes sulfur from its natural gas and sells it to Kemira, a sulfuric acid manufacturer. However, consultants id not design, nor did Danish government officials finance, Kalundborgs industrial symbiosis. It was, rather, the result of many purloin bilateral deals between companies searching to reduce waste treatment and disposal costs and to gain access to cheaper materials and energy while generating income from production residue.Kalundborg, like other similar examples, developed entirely through market forces (Garner and Keoleian 1995 Gertler 1995 Lowe et al. 1996 Schwartz and Steininger 1997). Today, there is still no h igher level of administration managing the interaction of Kalundborg companies and local government. Lowe 1997, 59). Jorgen Christensen, a congressman for Novo Nordisk, notes I was asked to speak on how you designed Kalundborg. We didnt design the whole thing. It wasnt designed at all. It happened over time (Lowe 1995, 15). This essay shows that the movement toward public planning of eco-industrial parks rests on a misreading of the Kalundborg experience. Kalundborg is not unique but rather is characteristic of industrial loops that cities have fostered for hundreds and even thousands of years.To assume that EIP planners can replicate and improve upon Kalundborg reflects insufficient knowledge of how market forces have historically promoted resource recovery. This essay compares private and public mechanisms in the development of industrial loops and illustrates how regulation of hazardous waste in the United States currently thwarts such industrial symbiosis. The essay concludes by arguing that greater reliance on market forces would be the most strong way of replicating the Danish experience.

Zoo Questions

Name _____________________________ bodyguard ________ sec. ___ Survey of Animals Zoo Questions Please type the answers of the following questions 1. What function, other than hearing, do the African Elephants ears help oneself? effect _______________________________________________________________________ 2. What affectation is the rump of a Hamadryas Boboon? consequence ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the life span of the Serval? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 4.What is the forage of the DeBrazza Monkey? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 5. The Bateleur Eagle gets his name from the French word for _____________________. ________________________________________________________________________ 6. The Nile Lechwe is known for what? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 7. meerkat packs may con sist of how many individuals? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 8. How long will Kirks Dik-Dik survive in immurement?Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 9. What bird is considered noisy and gets its name from a loud instrument? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 10. What is the smallest (and cutest) species of fox? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 11. The spiny liana is cracked by what animal? Answer _______________________________________________________________________ 12. Which area of Africa does the Dwarf Crocodile inhabit? Answer _______________________________________________________________________ 13. Which of the African monkeys is the well-nigh arboreal? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 14. What is the life span of the African Bullfrog? Answer _ _______________________________________________________________________ 15. What are the leash greatest threats to the Savannah Monitor? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 16. Who is the dominant of the group in Patas Monkeys? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 7. How prompt can the Patas Monkey run (in miles per hour)? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 18. What is the chemical responsible for the Chilean Flamingos color? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 19. How do Yellow-Footed Tortoises recognize each other? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 20. What is the maximum speed of the Collared Lizard (in miles per hour)? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 1. The Vampire Bat was instrumental in development of medicine s in which field? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 22. What is the largest land predatory animal on Earth? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 23. Raccoons are related to which displayed species in the menagerie? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 24. What is the common encumbrance of the Red Wolf (in pounds)? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 5. How fast can the Grizzly Bear run (in miles per hour)? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 26. What is the most developed sense in the American Bison? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 27. Few predators have withstood three centuries of settlement in North America. Name the one that the zoo displays Answer _________________________________________________________________ _______ 28. What sets the North American River Otters vision unconnected from the of many land animals?Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 29. Why is the Polar Bear on display at the zoo so skinny? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 30. How does the California See Lion fend off intruders? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 31. discover five differences between the Polar Bear and the Grizzly Bear Answer 1) .. 2) . 3) . ) . 5) . ________________________________________________________________________ 32. What is the main food seeded player for the Arctic Fox? Answer ________________________________________________________________________ 33. What was the most amazing thing I learned visiting the zoo? Answer _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

Dirty Pictures (Film Analysis)

The pick out Dirty Pictures released on year 2000 is loosely based on the story of Robert Mapplethorpe and his photography in late(a) 1980s. Most photos of the late photographer Robert Mapplethorpe is actually un disputed save few of them several(prenominal) sadomasochistic in nature seem to offend. The inclusion of these challenging and seemingly offensive pictures in art exhibit has been super criticized by the authority and feasted by the local media.Bennis Barrie, the curator of the Cincinnati Arts Center is inevitably accused of promoting pornography as he displays Mapplethorpes naked images and graphic displays of homosexual offensive activities in Cincinatti art museum. Barrie initially knows that some of Mapplethorpes photography may receive negative criticisms because of its provocative depictions of humans mutual sensuality however as a curator he recognized that art encompasses a diverse range of human activities, creations and emotions. He believes that an artisan deserves a freedom of verbiage.However Mapplethorpe photographs became the center of controversy when these were exhibited at the Cincinnati Contemporary Arts. Dennis Barrie who is the Museum director was being accused and condemned by the right wing conservatives. The rest of the shoot revolves in public debate towards how freedom of expression should be applied. The character of Barrie in the initial part of the movie is being portrayed as a petty(a) and ordinary man who have a simple lifestyle. However after the exhibit, he was suddenly propel into extraordinary circumstances as he deals with the enormous pressures of ugly public debate.He faced personal deterrence since his reputation and career were at stake. Furthermore, the issue pressed against him affected the emotional aspects of his family. The film effectively illustrates the emotions of a couple struggling to decide and do the right thing while dealing with the political pressures brought by the issue of displayed sensual photographs. Though Barrie comes off as a man sophisticated and knowledgeable near modern-day arts but he is a little bit innocent about his confirm since he was faced with unreasonable political pressures.The involvement of big conservative figures made this issue exceedingly politicized. As a result, the jury who are also heroes of this story, experienced personal pressures of their own. At the end however they manage to navigate their way to the right decision after Barrie made a profound kind of speech about freedom of expression. Even if Barrie was being acquitted in the film, the local conservative stem believes that this trial would have a chilling effect on future art exhibitions.Since freedom of expression has been positively justified in the film, there is a great possibility that curators and artists will always chip in an excuse to non restrict them in any kinds of mode of expression since this is after all their right. However, the conservatives subtly s tand that the authority should give restrictions especially in displaying sexually explicit photos to avoid public intimidation. The film inevitably shows Mapplethorpe controversial photos. A number of the actual Mapplethorpes photos that were the heart and reason of the controversy were used in production.Though the photos are shown in shortcuts but the film allows the viewers to have a glimpse to both the controversial photos and the extraordinary beauty and story of all the photos in general. Apparently, he is not only interested to secure humans sexuality but his portraits, photos of flowers and landscapes illustrate his love in beauty. Mapplethorpes The Perfect Moment collections air distinguishable angles of expression. His photographs were not confined in nudity however the authorities only favored and noticed atomic number 53 side by giving obscenity charges against the curator.Since big people also offered their own perspective towards the provocative photographs, it see ms that the issue became politically motivated. Meanwhile, the film also looks like a documentary one since the filmmakers highlights new interviews from heathen and conservative figures about their personal perceptions in the issue. Meanwhile the filmmakers in the movie also incorporated umpteen inter cut scenes from the original events collected from the archives of the local media (e. g. the trial and that attempted closing bug out of the art museum).The movie demonstrates that the beauty of art depends on how people perceive it. Their level of appreciation depends on their personal tastes, values, cultural and social orientation. In the movie, the characters were obviously divided by two those who are readable minded who believe that any kind of art depiction even in a receptive manner is just but a manner of expression that is natural to the artist and the conservatives who believes that pornography negatively affect the viewers as it arouse malicious intent and emotions.H owever the film with the character of Barrie reminds the public to sustain their right of expression and their right to choose what they art they would want to see and appreciate. No matter how repel and offensive a particular art might be, it has its every right to be exhibited. Any contemporary or classic art form is not exclusive to elite. The film subtly emphasized that an comely and ordinary person can understand and appreciate art and art definitely do not only belong to specific few.

Pakistan Automobile Industry Essay

railway car market is one of the largest sh bes in world trade. In a fast globalized world, this application is facing long challenges like cutting cost, upgrading models, improving burn efficiency and enhancing customers comfort without compromising quality. I categories travel diligence of Pakistan in different phases. In first phase, self-propelled assemblage of Bed ford truck fol funkyed by ford perfect, ford Cortina and Dodge Dart started in 1950s in Pakistan. By the end on the 1970s the compendium of vehicles came to a freeze due to the low quality value of locally produce vehicle sepa browse however continued the assembling of Bed Ford trucks.By the end of 70s practically all assembling ceased in Pakistan. In 1983, second phase of motorcar assembling started with the introduction of Suzuki FX 800 CC car. And with in sextuplet twelvemonths Pak. Suzuki changed the model of FX 800 CC with Mehran 800 CC. Pak. Suzuki there after introduced Khyber 1000 CC and Margalla 1300 CC in 1992. yet in more than ten years, direct of participation in development was not signifi idlert. From 1993, Pak automobile patience moves toward development when Indus motors comp any Ltd. Karachi introduced Toyota Corolla and Honda atlas cars Ltd. , Lahore introduced Honda Civic having 1300 CC engine capacity.Smaller cars also introduced by Indus motors, Pak Suzuki and Deewan Farooq motors in 2000. I. e. Cuore 850 CC, Cultus 1000 CC, Santro hundai 1000 CC. political machinemobile industry in Pakistan bay window be broadly sh atomic number 18d out into following segments Cars & Light Commercial Vehicles. Trucks and Buses. Tractors. Vendor Industry. It is the industry which ope scores under franchises and technical cooperation agreements with Japanese, European and Korean manufacturers. devil and Three Wheelers Public companies that be traded on Pakistani stock exchanges. Automobile assembler Ghandhara Industries Ghandhara Nissan Hinopak Motors Hyundai Mot ors. Indus Motors Company dilute Motors Millat Tractors Pak Suzuki Sigma Motors Volvo Pakistan Limited Al-Ghazi Tractors Atlas Honda Dewan Farooque Motors (BMW Pakistan) Ghani Automobile Industries Pakistan Automobile industry at Present The automobile industry has been strugglers eer since its creation. Although long time has past since its establishment, it has not been able to make a mark among the very stars of the self-propelling world. Although it has tried and made significant advancement towards the production of locally produced vehicles transfer of new engine room has set out a major weakness of the industry.Another reason for the low progress of the industry is due to the steep cost of raise in Pakistan. People acquire made adjustments to their vehicle by changing their fuel preferences from petrol to CNG, just to get by in their lives. The Pakistani industry has so far beingness unable to adopt the GLOBALLY GREEN notion and safety standards. Most cars i n the country depone on dual fuel systems. Moreover Pakistani industry is still relying on car models which have long been stopped producing in other super power countries. Pak Suzuki has gained almost complete monopoly in the segment of producing small cars and faces almost no competition at all.The government policies and regulation of the state bank of Pakistan excessively contribute a great deal of being a wall between the Pakistani automobile industry and its success. By increasing the interest rate on car financing the industry has suffered a huge shift towards downfall. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Increasing Demand for Cars In Pakistan context there are 9 cars in 1,000 persons which is one of the lowest in the emerging economies which itself speaks of high potential of growth in the auto sector and more so in the car production.Rising per capita income with changing demographic dispersion and an anticipated influx of 30 to 40 million young people in the economically spry work force in the next few years provides a stimulus to the industry to expand and grow. Resale of local anesthetic Assembled Cars Resale of locally assembled cars is better due to availability of spare part and after sales services and stock warrant Used trade cars have been selling below their cost at the showrooms for the last six months but consumers are not inclined to buy because of their low re-sale value and problems in split availability.Quality of local cars Initially when the import of cars was liberalized the quality of local assembled cars was unsatisfactory so the people of high income level crowd started buying imported cars and the sales of the local assembled cars started decreasing so the local assemblers started enhancing the quality of their vehicles so we can say that the quality of local cars is becoming the strength of the auto industry. OEM The local OEM of Pakistan is well equipped with complete advance technology and skilled labor to produce parts accordin g to the desired quality of any foreign company.CNG kit The advantage of buying local assembled cars is that they comes with factory fitted CNG kits at the times when the prices of fuel emerging at higher(prenominal) pace internationally. Mechanics For local assembled cars mechanics are readily available in market and much cheaper so the buyer has not to worry about any problem that can occur in the car in long term whereas the availability for imported cars is a bigger issue for the owners and if somehow they are able to find one whence the mechanics charges much higher than actually it should be charged. WeaknessWTODeletion program THE World Trade Organization (WTO) has rejected Pakistans request for the extension of the deletion program which enabled it to lay down the condition of the local content requirement (LCR). Under LCR, the automobile and other engineering industry was required to use locally manufactured parts and accessories in terms of governments deletion policy. The condition of the LCR was an aberration to the Clause 5. 2 of the WTO accordance on Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMs), Article III-National Treatment under the GATT, 1994.WTOs closing for not extending its deletion program / LCR condition has varied impact on Pakistans vendor industry, automobile assemblers, car users and the government. Input Cost In Pakistan as the inflation is increasing so as the remark costs and for manufacturers it is becoming harder to produce at lower cost. Increasing cost of energy and its unreliable and unconformable supply adds up the cost of manufacturing and wastage of resources. It is estimated that by the year 2012, auto industry consumption of electricity forget cross 500 600 MW from around 250 300 MW, as of now.Protection level Before the TBS was introduced the auto industry was well protected by the government but now as the import of CKD and CBU is liberalized the protection level to industry by government is decreased. Lack of s killed manpower for modern machinery In Pakistan conventional machines are not able to meet the precision manufacturing and the available labor is not familiar with modern technology it caused by lack of coordination and linkages with Government/Semi Government Supporting Bodies and Technical Training Institutes.Scarcity of vulgar material especially steel Through previous years the world prices are rising and cause costly inputs and Pakistan has left with scarce Steel and Iron left, so manufacturers are facing difficulties in producing cars with low prices. Opportunities Import German technology and skills EDB wanted to build a Pakistan-German automotive supply network, providing opportunities to Pakistani automotive vendor enterprises to benefit from the German know-how and technology to improve quality, productivity, developing and marketing of value-added products.Foreign Investment and setup production facilities China National Heavy Duty Truck Corporation (CNHDTC), one of t he largest heavy art truck manufacturers in China, has shown interest for investment in the automobile sector of Pakistan. The study is required to overstretch players from Germany as well as from other countries to develop business with the Pakistani counterparts. Baggase Fuel As the fuel prices are rising in world Pakistan should switch to fermentation alcohol Fuel as brazil is using. Ethanol Fuel is produced by Molasses.Pakistan is one of the country which produces good quantity of molasses but the engines of the local cars do not support ethanol so Pakistan should acquire the Technology to produce ethanol compatible cars. In Brazil they use 90% Ethanol and 10% petroleum whereas Pakistani cars with default engines can afford however 3% Ethanol. Global spare part market The annual gross sales turnover of the auto industry, at present, stands at Rs210 billion spot export of auto parts are estimated at $35 million.As such, the increase in production turnover is projected to in crease by 185 per centime while the exports of auto parts would make quantum jump. Threats WTOParts indigenization Smuggling of auto parts The auto industry is for the most part faced by multiplicity of taxes the presumptive tax regime has led to increase in prices of imported inputs and the finished goods. Component manufacturers are struggling to compete with under-invoicing, miss declaration and smuggling. Import of used parts is still continuing at a large scale. Smuggling, under-invoicing and dumping of auto parts.Competition from import cars Auto industry is facing a threat from the import of cars which is already liberalized further it is said that government result cut about 15% of duties till 2011 Fuel prices According to the authorities the fuel prices which currently are Rs 68. 8 and are going to increase by more Rs. 6 by the end of 3-Jun-08. fall tariff structure For localized parts of CKD cars, the tariff would reduce from 50 per cent to 45 per cent in 2008-09 and further to 35 per cent in the next two years. The tariff for CKD non-localized parts would be reduced from 35 per cent to 32.5 per cent in 2007-08 and would keep on decline by 2. 5 per cent every year to 25 per cent in 2010-11. The rate for CBU cars up to 1500cc, the tariff would be reduced from 50 per cent to zero next year (2007-08) and to be kept at that level thereafter. For CBU cars between 1500-1800cc, the current rate of 65 per cent would be reduced at the rate of five per cent annually to 50 per cent by 2010-11. For CBU cars exceeding 1800cc, the applicable rate of 75 per cent would be reduced at the rate of five per cent per annum to 50 per cent in 2010-11.For LCVs, the tariff on CKD kits would be reduced from 20 per cent to 15 per cent at the rate of one per cent every year. However, the tariff for CBU LCVs, the rate would be reduced from 60 per cent to 50 per cent in a phased manner by 2010-11. For two-wheelers, the tariff on CKD kits would be reduced from living 30 per cent to 20 per cent in phased manner to 2010-1. Similarly, the tariff on CBU two wheelers would reduce to 60 per cent by 2010-11 from existing rate of 90 per cent.For localised CKD parts of tractors and heavy mercenary vehicles, the existing tariff of 35 per cent has been proposed to be reduced to 25 per cent in 2010-11. For flowering movers (up to 280 HP) the tariff for CKD would be reduced from 10 per cent to five per cent next year and then kept at that level onwards. Similarly, the tariff for CBUs would be reduced to 25 per cent next year and then kept at that level for the next five years. The tariff for prime movers (above 280HP) and would remain unchanged, while it would be reduced for trucks from 10 to five per cent and from 30 to 25 per cent next year.

Media in Today’s Life

In the last 400 days of human history, two significant events have changed the course of development- the Industrial Revolution beginning in the eighteenthcentury and the recent Information Revolution which marks the universalization of information hitherto unseen on such(prenominal) a large scale based on the principle of create once, publish many. Media today encompasses markermedia- intelligence informationpapers, magazines, journals, periodicals, etc. electronicmedia-radio, television, telephony and the internet andentertainmentmedia- films and music.Media has enabled decision making to be participative in nature, has make the idea of a global village a reality, has brought about the truthful realization of the freedom of speech communication and has helped in airing education, health and equating. The enactment of Right to Information Act in 2005 has led to the citizen existence at the centre of administration, and the media has played a key role in realising this dream. But together with the aforesaid(prenominal) beneficial effects of the transmit of media, there have been some unwanted consequences as well.Some of these are- magnification of disputes, sensationalization of news (called Yellow journalism), propaganda, cultural clashes, desensitization to violence, division of society into information haves and have-nots, lack of information genuineness and plagiarism leading to social loafing. However, the advantages of the spread of media far outweigh the disadvantages. The role played by media in developing countries such as India, is key to realise the dream ofinclusivedevelopment.Awareness regarding immunization programmes, institutional deliveries, balance diet, healthy lifestyle and family planning are spread through media to remote parts of the surface area. Today all in all India Radio covers approximately 98% of the population of India. Farmers in distant villages are able to find the true prices of their produce through radio and tel ephone services. Even the spread of education through Distance education has made the dream of 100% literacy a reality in the years to come. Media has been at the forefront of spreading awareness on social issues.The Latitude of Acceptance has thus widened. Issues such as global warming, pollution, spread of diseases, LGBT Rights, child labour, domestic violence, corruption, discrimination and farmer suicides have been taken up by the media very effectively. This has in like manner been cited as one of the primary reasons for making governance of the country more transparent, responsive and responsible. Media has enabled an ordinary citizen of the country to play a central role in strengthening the civil society.Through articles in journals, responses in newspapers, blogs on the web and audio-visuals on the internet, each and every citizen can realistically aspire to influence other sections of society. The trigger Fathers of our Nation laid down the path towards a sovereign, sec ular and democratic society where justice, liberty and equality would be secured to all the citizens and fraternity would be promoted among all. It would not be an exaggeration to state that media today, and in the plan of attack future, holds immense promise to assist us in attaining these ideals and goals.